Untargeted plasma and tissue metabolomics in rats with chronic kidney disease given AST-120.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) results in the accumulation of metabolic waste products that are normally cleared by the kidney, known as uremia. Many of these waste products are from bacteria metabolites in the gut. Accumulation of uremic toxins in plasma and tissue, as well as the gut-plasma-tissue metabolic axis are important for understanding pathophysiological mechanisms of comorbidities in CKD.

Multicomponent synthesis of pyrroles from cyclopropanes: a one-pot palladium(0)-catalyzed dehydrocarbonylation/dehydration.

Ring the changes: The cycloaddition of nitrones with 1-carboallyloxy-1-carbomethoxycyclopropanes yields tetrahydro-1,2-oxazines, which in turn undergo a Tsuji dehydrocarbonylation to give dihydro-1,2-oxazines (see scheme; dba = dibenzylideneacetone). Addition of base to this reaction mixture results in clean conversion to pyrroles. The result is a flexible three-component strategy for the synthesis of tetrasubstituted pyrroles.