The role of reactive oxygen species in the pathogenesis of alopecia areata: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Alopecia areata (AA) is a T-cell-mediated autoimmune disease that significantly impacts patient quality of life. The breakdown of hair follicle immune privilege underlies AA pathogenesis. However, the precise mechanism of this breakdown remains unclear.

Ethanolamine enhances adhesion, promotes microcompartment formation, and modulates gene expression in ATCC 14869.

Ethanolamine is an abundant compound in the gastrointestinal tract and a valuable source of carbon and nitrogen for pathogenic bacteria harboring ethanolamine utilization () genes. -positive pathogens can consume free ethanolamine to outcompete commensal microbes, which often lack genes, and establish infection. Ethanolamine can also act as a host recognition signal for -positive pathogens to upregulate virulence genes during colonization.

Corrigendum: New perspectives on an old grouping: the genomic and phenotypic variability of and the implications for calcium oxalate stone prevention.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.

Vitamins as regulators of calcium-containing kidney stones - new perspectives on the role of the gut microbiome.

Calcium-based kidney stone disease is a highly prevalent and morbid condition, with an often complicated and multifactorial aetiology. An abundance of research on the role of specific vitamins (B, C and D) in stone formation exists, but no consensus has been reached on how these vitamins influence stone disease. As a consequence of emerging research on the role of the gut microbiota in urolithiasis, previous notions on the contribution of these vitamins to urolithiasis are being reconsidered in the field, and investigation into previously overlooked vitamins (A, E and K) was expanded.

New perspectives on an old grouping: The genomic and phenotypic variability of and the implications for calcium oxalate stone prevention.

is a unique bacterium with the ability to metabolize oxalate as a primary carbon source. Most kidney stones in humans are composed of calcium and oxalate. Therefore, supplementation with an oxalate-degrading bacterium may reduce stone burden in patients suffering from recurrent calcium oxalate-based urolithiasis.

Osteopontin phosphopeptide mitigates calcium oxalate stone formation in a Drosophila melanogaster model.

Kidney stone disease affects nearly one in ten individuals and places a significant economic strain on global healthcare systems. Despite the high frequency of stones within the population, effective preventative strategies are lacking and disease prevalence continues to rise. Osteopontin (OPN) is a urinary protein that can inhibit the formation of renal calculi in vitro.

Probiotic Bifidobacteria Mitigate the Deleterious Effects of -Cresol in a Drosophila melanogaster Toxicity Model.

Renal impairment associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) causes the buildup of uremic toxins that are deleterious to patient health. Current therapies that manage toxin accumulation in CKD offer an incomplete therapeutic effect against toxins such as -cresol (-cresol) and cresyl sulfate. Probiotic therapies can exploit the wealth of microbial diversity to reduce toxin accumulation.

The Two-Way Interaction between the Molecules That Cause Vaginal Malodour and Lactobacilli: An Opportunity for Probiotics.

Vaginal malodour is a sign of dysbiosis. The biogenic amines (BAs) cadaverine, putrescine and tyramine are known to be causative compounds. Recent reports suggest these compounds produced by pathogens might have a role beyond causing malodour; namely inhibiting the growth of lactobacilli bacteria that are crucial in the maintenance of vaginal homeostasis.