A novel weight-drop closed head focal traumatic brain injury: A candidate to translational studies?

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a neurotrauma with a complex pathophysiology caused by an external mechanical force. This global public health problem is a leading cause of death and disability in young adults. In this scenario, many models were developed to try to simulate human TBI.

Involvement of sex hormones, oxidative stress, ACE and ACE2 activity in the impairment of renal function and remodelling in SHR.

Aims: Hypertension is a relevant sex and sex hormones-dependent risk factor where the cardiovascular and renal health of the population are concerned. Men experience greater losses of renal function (RF) than women, but the mechanisms remain somewhat unclear. Our goal was to evaluate the relationship between oxidative stress (OS), angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) activities and RF in male and female SHR.

Nandrolone alter left ventricular contractility and promotes remodelling involving calcium-handling proteins and renin-angiotensin system in male SHR.

Aims: Hypertension is a highly prevalent disease that has been correlated to severe organ damage and mortality. However, the role of androgens in hypertension is controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cardiac effects of the nandrolone decanoate (NDL) in male SHR.

The selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) raloxifene and tamoxifen improve ANP levels and decrease nuclear translocation of NF-kB in estrogen-deficient rats.

Background: The selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) raloxifene and tamoxifen are used for the treatment of osteoporosis and cancer, respectively, in women. The impairment of both the Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) cell signaling system and the translocation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB) to the cell nucleus are associated with detrimental cardiovascular effects and inflammation. The effects of SERMs on these parameters in the cardiac tissue of estrogen-deficient rats has not been reported.

Comparative effects of estrogen, raloxifene and tamoxifen on endothelial dysfunction, inflammatory markers and oxidative stress in ovariectomized rats.

Aim: Endothelial dysfunction is considered a premature indication of atherosclerosis and vessel damage and is present in the postmenopausal period. This study compares the influence of estrogen, raloxifene and tamoxifen on factors that affect endothelial function in ovariectomized (OVX) rats.

Main Methods: The rats were divided into: SHAM; OVX; OVX+estrogen (0.

Endothelial relaxation mechanisms and oxidative stress are restored by atorvastatin therapy in ovariectomized rats.

The studies on hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in females with estrogen deficiency are not conclusive. Thus, non-estrogen therapies, such as atorvastatin (ATO), could be new strategies to substitute or complement HRT. This study evaluated the effects of ATO on mesenteric vascular bed (MVB) function from ovariectomized (OVX) female rats.

Tibolone has anti-inflammatory effects in estrogen-deficient female rats on the natriuretic peptide system and TNF-alpha.

Cardiovascular and immune system abnormalities have been reported in females with estrogen deficiency. To control these disorders in post-menopausal women, hormone replacement therapy (HRT) has been used. Tibolone has been used as a HRT, but the effects of tibolone on the natriuretic peptide system have not been determined.