Pediococcus pentosaceus RC007 and Saccharomyces boulardii RC009 as antibiotic alternatives for gut health in post-weaning pigs.

Aims: The aim of the present study was to evaluate a novel probiotic Pediococcus pentosaceus RC007 used alone and convined with Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii RC009, as in-feed additives to substitute the nontherapeutic use of antibiotics, and evaluate the different structural characteristics of intestinal bacterial populations between groups, correlated with pig production performance.

Methods And Results: The in vivo study was conducted on post-weaning pigs, from 21 to 56 days old.

Effects of a mixed additive based on Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Lactobacillus rhamnosus on broilers exposed to aflatoxin B by contaminated feed.

The objective of the present study was to explore the influence of dietary supplementation with a mixed additive (MA) containing a probiotic and anti-mycotoxin (Saccharomyces cerevisiae RC016 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus RC007) and its interaction on the performance and health (biochemistry and liver/intestine histopathology) of broilers fed diets contaminated with aflatoxin B (AFB) at 506000±22.1ng/kg. The MA contained S.

In-feed nutritional additive probiotic RC009 can substitute for prophylactic antibiotics and improve the production and health of weaning pigs.

Background And Aims: Non-therapeutic antibiotic use is associated with the current decrease in antibiotic therapeutic efficiency and the emergence of a wide range of resistant strains, which constitutes a public health risk. This study aimed to evaluate the use of var. RC009 as a nutritional feed additive to substitute the prophylactic use of antibiotics and improve the productive performance and health of post-weaning piglets.

Respiratory tract clinometry, fat thickness, haematology and productive parameters associated with direct-fed microbials used as growth promoter antibiotic alternative in weaned piglets.

The objective was to evaluate the effect of two probiotic yeast strains ( RC016 and VM004) as a substitute of growth promoter antibiotics on health status and productive parameters in weaned piglets. Commercial line hybrid piglets (Choice n=200), weaned at 21 d age were allotted by sex, and assigned in 4 pens per treatment (2 pens males and 2 pens females), 10 pigs per pen divided into 2 blocks (with or without antibiotics). Dietary treatments included a basal diet (BD) supplemented with probiotic RC016 and Kluyveromyces marxianus VM004 (100 g, 1 × 1010 CFU/g, respectively), with or without antibiotics, mixed per ton of growth phases diets.

Influence of technological procedures on viability, probiotic and anti-mycotoxin properties of RC009, and biological safety studies.

The objective was to evaluate the technological processing (protection strategies and storage conditions) influence on viability, on probiotic properties and adsorbent aflatoxin B capacity of RC009. Also, the yeast biological safety was evaluated. Lyophilisation (DL) and encapsulation ​+ ​lyophilisation (EL) were conducted.

A RC016-based feed additive reduces liver toxicity, residual aflatoxin B1 levels and positively influences intestinal morphology in broiler chickens fed chronic aflatoxin B1-contaminated diets.

The present study was conducted to investigate the ability of RC016 (Sc)-based feed additive to reduce liver toxicity, residual aflatoxin B (AFB) levels and influence intestinal structure in broiler chickens fed chronic aflatoxin B-contaminated diets. A total of 100 one-day-old male commercial line (Ross) broiler chickens were divided into 4 treatments, with 5 pens per treatment and 5 broiler chickens per pen. Birds were randomly assigned to 4 treatments, which were namely treatment 1 (T), control diet (CD); T, CD + Sc at 1 g/kg; T, CD + AFB at 100 μg/kg; T, CD + Sc at 1 g/kg + AFB at 100 μg/kg.

Beneficial effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae RC016 in weaned piglets: in vivo and ex vivo analysis.

Probiotics represents an alternative to replace antibiotics as growth promoters in animal feed and are able to control enteric bacterial diseases and to improve gut immunity. Saccharomyces cerevisiae RC016 showed previously inhibition/coagregation of pathogens) and mycotoxins adsorbent ability (aflatoxin B, ochratoxin A and zearalenone). The aim of this work was to evaluate beneficial properties of S.

Aflatoxin B adsorption/desorption dynamics in the presence of Lactobacillus rhamnosus RC007 in a gastrointestinal tract-simulated model.

Aims: (i) To determine the aflatoxin B (AFB ) adsorption and desorption dynamics in the presence of Lactobacillus rhamnosus RC007 under simulated transit of AFB at each gastrointestinal tract (GIT-saliva, stomach and intestine) stage consecutively and then, separately, (ii) to study the ability of L. rhamnosus RC007 to biotransform AFB as a strategy that complements the adsorption process.

Methods And Results: The AFB adsorption and desorption assay simulating the GIT passage of AFB (93·89 ng g ) in the presence of L.

Pediococcus acidolactici and Pediococcus pentosaceus isolated from a rainbow trout ecosystem have probiotic and ABF1 adsorbing/degrading abilities in vitro.

Probiotics are being used in biological control of bacterial pathogens, as an alternative to antibiotics, to improve health and production parameters in fish farming. Fish farming production is severely affected by aflatoxins (AFs), which are a significant problem in aquaculture systems. Aflatoxins exert substantial impact on production, causing disease with high mortality and a gradual decline of reared fish stock quality.

Use of yeast (Pichia kudriavzevii) as a novel feed additive to ameliorate the effects of aflatoxin B on broiler chicken performance.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of autochthonous Pichia kudriavzevii as a novel bioadsorbent for aflatoxin B (AFB). The selection of this yeast was based on the AFB adsorption capacity previously demonstrated in vitro (Magnoli et al. 2016).

Bakery by-products based feeds borne-Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains with probiotic and antimycotoxin effects plus antibiotic resistance properties for use in animal production.

The aim of this study was to select S. cerevisiae strains able to exert probiotic and antimycotoxin effects plus antibiotics resistance properties for use in animal production. S.

Novel yeast isolated from broilers' feedstuff, gut and faeces as aflatoxin B adsorbents.

Aims: To isolate and characterize native yeast strains from broilers' environment as feedstuff, faeces and gut, and to evaluate their binding capacity for aflatoxin B (AFB ).

Methods And Results: A total of nine yeast strains were isolated: three from feedstuff identified as Pichia kudriavzevii (2) and Clavispora lusitaniae (1), two from gut identified as Candida tropicalis and four from faeces identified as Cl. lusitaniae (3) and Cyberlindnera fabianii (1).

Ecophysiology of environmental Aspergillus fumigatus and comparison with clinical strains on gliotoxin production and elastase activity.

Unlabelled: The aim of this manuscript was to study the influence of water activity (aW ) and pH in the ecophysiological behaviour of Aspergillus fumigatus strains at human body temperature. In addition, gliotoxin production and enzymatic ability among environmental (n = 2) and clinical (n = 5) strains were compared. Ecophysiological study of environmental strains was performed on agar silage incubated at 37°C, studying the interaction at eight aW levels (0·8, 0·85, 0·9, 0·92, 0·94, 0·96, 0·98 and 0·99) and eight pH levels (3·5, 4, 4·5, 5, 6, 7, 7·5 and 8).

Potentiation of the effect of a commercial animal feed additive mixed with different probiotic yeast strains on the adsorption of aflatoxin B1.

This study potentiates the adsorbent effect for aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) of a commercial additive (CA) of animal feed, containing inactive lysate of three Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains, active enzymes, adsorbents and a selenium-amino acid complex, when the additive was mixed separately with three S. cerevisiae strains. Levels of AFB1 of 20 and 50 ng g(-1) were used to determine the binding capacity of different concentrations of CA alone and in the presence of yeast strains, as well as toxin desorption, under gastrointestinal conditions.

Efficacy of corn silage inoculants on the fermentation quality under farm conditions and their influence on Aspergillus parasitucus, A. flavus and A. fumigatus determined by q-PCR.

Laboratory-scale silos were prepared to evaluate the efficacy of two different lactic acid bacteria (LAB) on the fermentation quality and mycobiota of corn silage. Their influence on Aspergillus species' variability by using the q-PCR technique was studied. Silage inoculated with Lactobacillus rhamnosus RC007 or L.

Comparison of toxicogenic and immunosuppressive capacity of Aspergillus fumigatus strains isolated from clinical and corn silage samples.

Aims: To compare clinical and environmental Aspergillus fumigatus strains on their toxicogenic and immunosuppressive capacity.

Methods And Results: A total of 51 strains of A. fumigatus isolated from clinical and corn silage samples were assayed.

In vitro study on the effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains on growth and mycotoxin production by Aspergillus carbonarius and Fusarium graminearum.

The effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae RC008 and RC016 strains, previously selected based on their aflatoxin B₁ mycotoxin binding ability and beneficial properties, against Aspergillus carbonarius and Fusarium graminearum under different interacting environmental conditions was evaluated. In vitro studies on the lag phase, growth rate and ochratoxin A/zearalenone and DON production were carried out under different regimens of a(w) (0.95 and 0.

Adsorption of ochratoxin A and zearalenone by potential probiotic Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains and its relation with cell wall thickness.

Aims:  To examine Saccharomyces cerevisae strains with previously reported beneficial properties and aflatoxin B₁ binding capacity, for their ability to remove ochratoxin A (OTA) and zearalenone (ZEA) and to study the relation between cell wall thickness and detoxificant ability of yeast strains.

Methods And Results:  A mycotoxin binding assay at different toxin concentrations and the effect of gastrointestinal conditions on mycotoxin binding were evaluated. Ultrastructural studies of yeast cells were carried out with transmission electronic microscopy.

The role of cocaine in heroin-related deaths. Hypothesis on the interaction between heroin and cocaine.

In recent years, there has been an increase in cocaine-related deaths at the Department of Legal Medicine and Public Health of Pavia, probably reflecting the rising trend in cocaine use in Western Europe. Deaths from cocaine alone have increased from 6 cases in 1979-1991 (1.5% of drug-of-abuse deaths) to 13 in 1992-2002 (3.

Direct determination of the ethanol metabolites ethyl glucuronide and ethyl sulfate in urine by liquid chromatography/electrospray tandem mass spectrometry.

A liquid chromatography/electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS/MS) method for the determination in urine samples of two ethanol metabolites, ethyl glucuronide (EtG) and ethyl sulfate (EtS), was developed and validated. Pentadeuterated EtG was used as internal standard for both EtG and EtS. In addition to the surviving ions, two MS/MS reactions were monitored for each analyte, with the deprotonated molecule as precursor ion: m/z 221 --> 75, m/z 221 --> 85 (EtG), and m/z 125 --> 97, m/z 125 --> 80 (EtS).