The Role of in Campylobacter jejuni Beyond Intercellular Signaling.

The full role of the gene in the biological processes, such as essential amino acid synthesis, nitrogen and pyruvate metabolism, and flagellar assembly, of Campylobacter jejuni has not been clearly described to date. Therefore, in this study, we used a comprehensive approach at the cellular and molecular levels, including transcriptomics and proteomics, to investigate the key role of the gene and compared C. jejuni 11168Δ ( mutant) and C.

Improving accessibility and bioactivity of raw, germinated and enzymatic-treated spelt (Triticum spelta L.) seed antioxidants by fermentation.

Lactic acid, alcoholic, combined and spontaneous fermentation of raw, germinated and enzymatic-treated spelt seeds significantly improved the content of extractable and bound phenolics and considerably increased the extractable:bound ratio, and therefore positively affected the accessibility of the spelt antioxidants. The highest extractable and bound individual phenolic contents and in vitro antioxidant activities of extracts were obtained following fermentation of germinated spelt seeds with Saccharomyces cerevisiae, while for enzymatic-treated seeds, Lactobacillus plantarum (alone or with S. cerevisiae) was the most effective.

Fermented Biomass of as a Potential Food Ingredient.

Lactic acid fermentation (LAF) is known to improve nutritional properties and functionality and to extend the shelf life of foods. We studied the LAF of as the sole substrate using as the starter culture. Fermented (FB) and non-fermented broth (NFB) were analysed by means of pH, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) count, lactic acid concentration, microbiological safety, and nutritional composition.

Causation of Oxidative Stress and Defense Response of a Yeast Cell Model after Treatment with Orthodontic Alloys Consisting of Metal Ions.

Misaligned teeth have a tremendous impact on oral and dental health, and the most efficient method of correcting the problem is orthodontic treatment with orthodontic appliances. The study was conducted to investigate the metal composition of selected orthodontic alloys, the release of metal ions, and the oxidative consequences that the metal ions may cause in the cell. Different sets of archwires, stainless steel brackets, and molar bands were incubated in artificial saliva for 90 days.

Extremophilic Microorganisms in Central Europe.

Extremophiles inhabit a wide variety of environments. Here we focus on extremophiles in moderate climates in central Europe, and particularly in Slovenia. Although multiple types of stress often occur in the same habitat, extremophiles are generally combined into groups according to the main stressor to which they are adapted.

Accumulation and Transformation of Biogenic Amines and Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) in Chickpea Sourdough.

In general, sourdough fermentation leads to an improvement in the technological, nutritional, and sensory properties of bakery products. The use of non-conventional flours with a specific autochthonous microbiota may lead to the formation of secondary metabolites, which may even have undesirable physiological and toxicological effects. Chickpea flours from different suppliers have been used to produce sourdoughs by spontaneous and inoculated fermentations.

Insight into the Antioxidant Effect of Fermented and Non-Fermented Water and Ethanol Extracts at the Proteome Level Using a Yeast Cell Model.

is rich in various antioxidants and nutraceuticals and it has proven to be effective in the treatment of various pathological conditions. This study explores the antioxidant effect of fermented and non-fermented extracts on the proteome level using the yeast as a model organism. Yeast cells were treated with fermented water extract (SV), non-fermented water extract (NFV), fermented ethanol extract (SE), and non-fermented ethanol extract (NFE).

Risk Assessment of Oxidative Stress Induced by Metal Ions Released from Fixed Orthodontic Appliances during Treatment and Indications for Supportive Antioxidant Therapy: A Narrative Review.

The treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances could have an important role in the induction of oxidative stress and associated negative consequences. Because of the simultaneous effects of corrosion, deformation, friction, and mechanical stress on fixed orthodontic appliances during treatment, degradation of orthodontic brackets and archwires occurs, causing higher concentrations of metal ions in the oral cavity. Corroded appliances cause the release of metal ions, which may lead to the increased values of reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to metal-catalyzed free radical reactions.

Response of Saccharomyces cerevisiae W303 to Iron and Lead Toxicity in Overloaded Conditions.

Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is an ideal model organism for studying molecular mechanisms of the stress response provoked by metals. In this work, yeast cells response to iron (Fe) or lead (Pb) exposure was tested and compared. Survival test was used to determine testing doses of metal ions-for Fe it was 4 mM and for Pb 8 mM.

Abiotic stress combinations improve the phenolics profiles and activities of extractable and bound antioxidants from germinated spelt (Triticum spelta L.) seeds.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of germination of spelt seeds under different stress conditions on the antioxidant characteristics of their extractable and bound phenolics. Germination under combined stress of 25 mM NaCl and 50 mM sorbitol without subsequent mechanical stress had considerable impact on total phenolics contents and scavenging activities against different free radicals (DPPH, ABTS, O, ROO). Alkaline hydrolysis of extracts from germinated seeds provided the majority of their phenolic acids, where ferulic and p-coumaric acids were the most representative.

Lactic Acid Fermentation of (Spirulina) in a Vegetal Soybean Drink for Developing New Functional Lactose-Free Beverages.

The main objective of this study was to evaluate the suitability of F&M-C256 (spirulina) biomass in a vegetal soybean drink or in water, as substrate for lactic acid fermentation by the probiotic bacterium ATCC 8014 (LAB8014) and to evaluate the fermented products in terms of bacteria content and organic acids content, biochemical composition, total phenolics, and phycocyanin content, digestibility, and antioxidant activity. After 72 h of fermentation, a bacterial concentration of about 10.5 log CFU mL in the broths containing the soybean drink + spirulina + LAB8014 (SD + S + LAB8014) or water + spirulina + LAB8014 (W + S + LAB8014) was found.

Are Metal Ions That Make up Orthodontic Alloys Cytotoxic, and Do They Induce Oxidative Stress in a Yeast Cell Model?

Compositions of stainless steel, nickel-titanium, cobalt-chromium and β-titanium orthodontic alloys were simulated with mixtures of Fe, Ni, Cr, Co, Ti and Mo metal ions as potential oxidative stress-triggering agents. Wild-type yeast and two mutants ΔSod1 and ΔCtt1 were used as model organisms to assess the cytotoxicity and oxidative stress occurrence. Metal mixtures at concentrations of 1, 10, 100 and 1000 µM were prepared out of metal chlorides and used to treat yeast cells for 24 h.

In-vitro and in-vivo antioxidant assays of chicory plants (Cichorium intybus L.) as influenced by organic and conventional fertilisers.

Background: Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) is a traditional European crop that is highly appreciated for its contents of bioactive compounds, especially phenolics, which have high antioxidant activities. Among other factors, agricultural practice might affect the contents of these bioactive compounds, which are also important from a nutritional point of view, and affect the shelf-life.

Antioxidative Activity of Methanolic and Water Extracts from the Hyperthermophilic Archaeon Aeropyrum pernix K1.

The hyperthermophilic archaeon Aeropyrum pernix has adapted to optimal growth under high temperatures in saline environments and under oxidizing conditions. In the present study, we focused on the antioxidative activity of proteins from A. pernix K1.

Bioactivity of Cod and Chicken Protein Hydrolysates before and after Gastrointestinal Digestion.

Bioactivity of cod () and chicken () protein hydrolysates before and after gastrointestinal (GI) digestion was investigated using yeast as a model organism. Both hydrolysates were exposed to GI digestion prior to cellular exposure to simulate digestion conditions in the human body and therefore investigate the role of modulations in the GI tract on the cell response. The effect of digested and undigested hydrolysates on intracellular oxidation, cellular metabolic energy and proteome level was investigated.

The ability of in vitro antioxidant assays to predict the efficiency of a cod protein hydrolysate and brown seaweed extract to prevent oxidation in marine food model systems.

Background: The ability of different in vitro antioxidant assays to predict the efficiency of cod protein hydrolysate (CPH) and Fucus vesiculosus ethyl acetate extract (EA) towards lipid oxidation in haemoglobin-fortified washed cod mince and iron-containing cod liver oil emulsion was evaluated. The progression of oxidation was followed by sensory analysis, lipid hydroperoxides and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) in both systems, as well as loss of redness and protein carbonyls in the cod system.

Results: The in vitro tests revealed high reducing capacity, high DPPH radical scavenging properties and a high oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) value of the EA which also inhibited lipid and protein oxidation in the cod model system.

Effect of in vitro digested cod liver oil of different quality on oxidative, proteomic and inflammatory responses in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and human monocyte-derived dendritic cells.

Background: Upon oxidation of the polyunsaturated fatty acids in fish oil, either before ingestion or, as recently shown, during the gastro-intestinal passage, a cascade of potentially cytotoxic peroxidation products, such as malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxy-2-hexenal, can form. In this study, we digested fresh and oxidised cod liver oils in vitro, monitored the levels of lipid peroxidation products and evaluated oxidative, proteomic and inflammatory responses to the two types of digests in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and human monocyte-derived dendritic cells.

Results: Digests of cod liver oil with 22-53 µmol L(-1) malondialdehyde and 0.

Stress response and virulence of heat-stressed Campylobacter jejuni.

Thermotolerant Campylobacter spp. frequently cause bacterial gastroenteritis in humans commonly infected through the consumption of undercooked poultry meat. We examined Campylobacter jejuni heat-stress responses in vitro after exposure to 48°C and 55°C.

Insight into the molecular mechanisms of propolis activity using a subcellular proteomic approach.

The effects of a fractionated 70% ethanolic extract of propolis were analyzed at the subproteome level by two-dimensional electrophoresis. Differential detergent fractionation was used to fractionate proteins from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae according to their subcellular localization. Thus, four subcellular proteomes were obtained: cytosolic, membrane/organelle, nuclear, and cytoskeletal.

Cold shock CspA and CspB protein production during periodic temperature cycling in Escherichia coli.

Background: Temperature is an important environmental factor which can dramatically affect biochemical processes in bacteria. Temperatures above optimal cause heat shock, while low temperatures induce cold shock. Since the physiological response of the bacterium Escherichia coli to slow temperature fluctuation is not well known, we investigated the effect of periodic temperature cycling between 37° and 8°C with a period of 2 h on proteome profile, cold shock CspA and CspB protein and gene production.

Fractionation of phenolic compounds extracted from propolis and their activity in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

We have here investigated the activities of Slovenian propolis extracts in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and identified the phenolic compounds that appear to contribute to these activities. We correlated changes in intracellular oxidation and cellular metabolic energy in these yeasts with the individual fractions of the propolis extracts obtained following solid-phase extraction. The most effective fraction was further investigated according to its phenolic compounds.

Profilin 1 as a target for cathepsin X activity in tumor cells.

Cathepsin X has been reported to be a tumor promotion factor in various types of cancer; however, the molecular mechanisms linking its activity with malignant processes are not understood. Here we present profilin 1, a known tumor suppressor, as a target for cathepsin X carboxypeptidase activity in prostate cancer PC-3 cells. Profilin 1 co-localizes strongly with cathepsin X intracellularly in the perinuclear area as well as at the plasma membrane.

Cathepsin H mediates the processing of talin and regulates migration of prostate cancer cells.

The cytoskeletal protein talin, an actin- and β-integrin tail-binding protein, plays an important role in cell migration by promoting integrin activation and focal adhesion formation. Here, we show that talin is a substrate for cathepsin H (CtsH), a lysosomal cysteine protease with a strong aminopeptidase activity. Purified active CtsH sequentially cleaved a synthetic peptide representing the N terminus of the talin F0 head domain.