Recurrent Severe Preschool Wheeze: From Prespecified Diagnostic Labels to Underlying Endotypes.

Preschool wheezing is heterogeneous, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. To investigate lower airway inflammation and infection in preschool children with different clinical diagnoses undergoing elective bronchoscopy and BAL. We recruited 136 children aged 1-5 years (105 with recurrent severe wheeze [RSW]; 31 with nonwheezing respiratory disease [NWRD]).

Impaired airway epithelial cell wound-healing capacity is associated with airway remodelling following RSV infection in severe preschool wheeze.

Background: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes exacerbations of asthma and preschool wheeze (PSW). However, the anti-viral and repair responses of the bronchial epithelium in children with severe therapy-resistant asthma (STRA) and PSW are poorly understood.

Methods: Children with STRA (age 12 [6-16] years), PSW (age 2 [1-5] years) and non-asthmatic controls (age 7 [2-14] years) underwent bronchoscopy with endobronchial brushings and biopsies.

Lung function, transfusion, pulmonary capillary blood volume and sickle cell disease.

Lung function abnormalities occur in children with sickle cell disease (SCD) and may be associated with elevated pulmonary blood volume. To investigate that association, we determined whether blood transfusion in SCD children acutely increased pulmonary capillary blood volume (PCBV) and increased respiratory system resistance (Rrs5). Measurements of Rrs5 and spirometry were made before and after blood transfusion in 18 children, median age 14.

Pharmacological management of pain in older persons.

Objective: Evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmacological pain management treatments to minimize adverse events and optimize pain relief.

Data Sources: Symposium presentation based on clinical practice and research and current clinical guidelines.

Conclusions: Pain is a common problem among elderly long-term care residents and is vastly undertreated.