Mucosal Melanoma In Situ of the Oral Cavity: A Case Report and Systematic Review of the Literature.

Objective: Malignant mucosal melanomas of the head and neck comprise a very small portion of all melanomas, particularly in the oral cavity. These lesions are associated with high rates of local recurrence, distant metastasis, and a very poor 5-year survival rate; however, the clinical outcomes of mucosal melanoma in situ of the oral cavity are unclear. Therefore, we present a case report of mucosal melanoma in situ and a systematic review of the literature to shed light on this rare but important disease.

Video Analysis of Otologic Instrument Movement During Resident Mastoidectomies.

Objective: To measure surgical instrument movement during resident mastoidectomies and identify metrics that correlate with experience.

Study Design: Retrospective case series.

Setting: Tertiary care center.

3-Dimensional Exoscope for Far Lateral Approach to Pontomedullary Cavernous Malformation.

Brainstem cavernous malformations account for 15%-18% of all central nervous system cavernomas and are histologically characterized by thin-walled, low-pressure capillaries, classically without intervening brain tissue. Cavernomas may be sporadic, typically characterized by a single lesion, or inherited. The inherited form is most often autosomal dominant with incomplete penetrance and variable expression.