Mitophagosomes induced during EV-D68 infection promote viral nonlytic release.

Enterovirus-D68 (EV-D68) is a plus-strand RNA virus that primarily causes infant respiratory infections. In rare pediatric cases, infection with EV-D68 has been associated with acute flaccid myelitis, a polio-like paralytic disease. We have previously demonstrated that EV-D68 induces nonselective autophagy for its benefit.

Some assembly required: a single-RNA vaccine against enterovirus-D68.

A single-RNA-based vaccine against enterovirus-D68, a respiratory virus and causative agent of severe paralytic disease in children, by the Erasmus group shows great promise in generating broadly cross-neutralizing antibodies in mice and macaque models of infection.

Transcription factor EB (TFEB) interaction with RagC is disrupted during enterovirus D68 infection.

Unlabelled: Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) is a picornavirus associated with severe respiratory illness and a paralytic disease called acute flaccid myelitis in infants. Currently, no protective vaccines or antivirals are available to combat this virus. Like other enteroviruses, EV-D68 uses components of the cellular autophagy pathway to rewire membranes for its replication.

Enterovirus D68 capsid formation and stability requires acidic compartments.

The respiratory picornavirus enterovirus D68 is a causative agent of acute flaccid myelitis, a childhood paralysis disease identified in the last decade. Poliovirus, another picornavirus associated with paralytic disease, is a fecal-oral virus that survives acidic environments when passing from host to host. Here, we follow up on our previous work showing a requirement for acidic intracellular compartments for maturation cleavage of poliovirus particles.

Enterovirus D68 capsid formation and stability requires acidic compartments.

Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68), a picornavirus traditionally associated with respiratory infections, has recently been linked to a polio-like paralytic condition known as acute flaccid myelitis (AFM). EV-D68 is understudied, and much of the field's understanding of this virus is based on studies of poliovirus. For poliovirus, we previously showed that low pH promotes virus capsid maturation, but here we show that, for EV-D68, inhibition of compartment acidification during a specific window of infection causes a defect in capsid formation and maintenance.

Optimal timing of initiation of thromboprophylaxis in spine trauma managed operatively: A nationwide propensity-matched analysis of trauma quality improvement program.

Background: Patients with spinal trauma are at high risk for venous thromboembolic events (VTE). Guidelines recommend prophylactic anticoagulation but they are unclear on timing of initiation of thromboprophylaxis. The aim of our study was to assess the impact of early versus late initiation of venous thromboprophylaxis in patients with spinal trauma who underwent operative intervention.

A homozygous founder missense variant in arylsulfatase G abolishes its enzymatic activity causing atypical Usher syndrome in humans.

Purpose: We aimed to identify the cause of disease in patients suffering from a distinctive, atypical form of Usher syndrome.

Methods: Whole-exome and genome sequencing were performed in five patients from three families of Yemenite Jewish origin, suffering from distinctive retinal degeneration phenotype and sensorineural hearing loss. Functional analysis of the wild-type and mutant proteins was performed in human fibrosarcoma cells.

Mobilizing a region to redesign a local system of care: lessons from a community-based learning collaborative.

Local efforts to redesign systems of care offer fertile ground for community-based participatory research approaches to take hold and flourish. Drawing on the experiences of a learning collaborative of maternal and child healthcare stakeholders in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, this article describes 8 action steps for operationalizing key community-based participatory research principles in the context of local systems change. Highlights of the subsequent evolution of the collaborative and its work are provided, as well as comments regarding the generalizability and usefulness of this approach for other public health and community stakeholders who are interested in mobilizing collaborative action for systems change.

Maternal positive skin prick test results and asthma prediction after early childhood wheezing.

Background: Previous studies have used parental history of asthma or allergy but not positive skin prick test results to predict the evolution of asthma in wheezing infants.

Objective: To determine whether positive parental skin prick test results serve as a predictive factor for the subsequent development of asthma in a child with a history of wheezing before the age of 3 years.

Methods: In a retrospective cohort study we investigated 91 individuals from 71 families.

Environmental persistence of chemicals and their carcinogenic risks to humans.

A "chemical population"-based investigation of xenobiotics (i.e. a sample of 10,000 chemicals representative of agents in commerce, industry, and the environment, both synthetic and natural) that have the potential for ecotoxicity because of their persistence in the environment and their potential association with carcinogenic risks to humans was undertaken.

Biospheric primary production during an ENSO transition.

The Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) provides global monthly measurements of both oceanic phytoplankton chlorophyll biomass and light harvesting by land plants. These measurements allowed the comparison of simultaneous ocean and land net primary production (NPP) responses to a major El Niño to La Niña transition. Between September 1997 and August 2000, biospheric NPP varied by 6 petagrams of carbon per year (from 111 to 117 petagrams of carbon per year).

Exploring the relationship between the inhibition of gap junctional intercellular communication and other biological phenomena.

The mechanistic relationship of the inhibition of gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) to other toxicological phenomena was explored using a recently developed method that models the properties of a large population of molecules chosen to represent the 'universe of chemicals'. The analyses indicate that inhibition of GJIC is strongly linked to the carcinogenic process in rodents, to cellular but not systemic toxicity, to biological phenomena that may involve inflammatory processes and to development effects. The inhibition of GJIC appears not to be associated with genotoxic mechanisms.

Chemical diversity approach for evaluating mechanistic relatedness among toxicological phenomena.

The CASE/MULTICASE structure-activity relationship (SAR) system was used to assess a new procedure to investigate the mechanistic relatedness of various toxicological endpoints. The method consisted of predicting the activity of 10,000 randomly selected chemicals using validated and characterized SAR models from a variety of biological and toxicological endpoints. The prevalence of chemicals predicted to possess the ability to induce two or more toxicological effects simultaneously should provide a measure of the mechanistic relatedness of these phenomena.

Keratinocyte growth factor promotes alveolar epithelial cell DNA repair after H2O2 exposure.

Alveolar epithelial cell (AEC) injury and repair are important in the pathogenesis of oxidant-induced lung damage. Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) prevents lung damage and mortality in animals exposed to various forms of oxidant stress, but the protective mechanisms are not yet established. Because DNA strand break (DNA-SB) formation is one of the earliest cellular changes that occurs after cells are exposed to an oxidant stress, we determined whether KGF reduces H2O2-induced pulmonary toxicity by attenuating AEC DNA damage.

Industry overview. Dietitians speak out.

As their profession changes, dietitians are constantly breaking stereotypes. Gone are the days when all dietitians wore lab coats and worked in hospitals. Expanding knowledge, increased community support and new technology all present dietitians with more and more career opportunities.

McRoberts maneuver for shoulder dystocia: a survey.

A survey of 108 major teaching institutions in the United States regarding the utilization of the McRoberts maneuver for shoulder dystocia was conducted. Only 40% taught the procedure but 64% reported being familiar with its use. Among users, only 32% used it as the initial step.