Prognostic Factors for Low Visual Acuity after Cataract Surgery with Vitreous Loss.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to find prognostic factors associated with low visual acuity in patients experiencing vitreous loss during cataract surgery.

Methods: A retrospective, noncomparative, interventional, case study of patients experiencing vitreous loss during cataract surgery. Data collected included demographics, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), axial length (AL), presence of ocular comorbidity affecting central vision, timing of intraocular lens (IOL) implantation, position of the implanted lens, and the presence of corneal sutures.

Endogenous Endophthalmitis: A 21-Year Review of Cases at a Tertiary Eye Care Centre.

Purpose: Endogenous endophthalmitis is rare and associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The primary objective was to identify causative organisms. Secondary objectives included the determination of systemic risk factors and visual prognostic factors.

Better visual outcome associated with early vitrectomy in the management of endophthalmitis.

Aims: To examine the role of early vitrectomy in the management of endophthalmitis from all causes.

Methods: Retrospective study of 290 consecutive subjects diagnosed with endophthalmitis at Auckland District Health Board between 1 January 2006 and 31 July 2019. Main outcome measure was visual acuity at 9-month follow-up and proportion of subjects with severe vision loss (≤20/200).

Heterozygous COL9A3 variants cause severe peripheral vitreoretinal degeneration and retinal detachment.

The COL9A3 gene encodes one of the three alpha chains of Type IX collagen, with heterozygous variants reported to cause multiple epiphyseal dysplasia, and suggested as contributory in some cases of sensorineural hearing loss. Patients with homozygous variants have midface hypoplasia, myopia, sensorineural hearing loss, epiphyseal changes and carry a diagnosis of Stickler syndrome. Variants in COL9A3 have not previously been reported to cause vitreoretinal degeneration and/or retinal detachments.

Comparative Outcomes of Primary Vitrectomy Versus Tap and Inject for Endophthalmitis Following Phacoemulsification Cataract Surgery.

Purpose: To compare functional and anatomical outcomes, rates of culture positivity and number of procedures in eyes with endophthalmitis following phacoemulsification surgery, treated with either primary vitrectomy and intravitreal antibiotics or vitreous tap and antibiotic injection (T&I).

Methods: Patients developing endophthalmitis after phacoemulsification surgery between 2007 and 2016 were identified, and outcomes were compared between the two treatment groups.

Results: 19 patients underwent a primary vitrectomy and 22 underwent a T&I.

Factors Associated With Positive Microbial Culture in Patients With Endophthalmitis Based on Clinical Presentation and Multimodal Intraocular Sampling.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to identify the factors associated with positive culture sample in patients with endophthalmitis based on clinical presentation and multimodal intraocular sampling.

Design: Retrospective review.

Methods: A total of 259 subjects with a diagnosis of endophthalmitis presented to a tertiary ophthalmic referral center between 2006 and 2018.

INTERNAL DRAINAGE OF SUBRETINAL FLUID DURING CHANDELIER-ASSISTED SCLERAL BUCKLING.

Purpose: To describe the surgical technique of internal drainage of subretinal fluid as an adjunct to chandelier-assisted scleral buckling for the repair of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.

Methods: The technique of internal drainage with a sharp needle or cannula through a trocar is described and shown in a Supplemental Digital Content 1 (see Video, http://links.lww.

Mortality after endophthalmitis following contemporary phacoemulsification cataract surgery.

Importance: To determine if endophthalmitis following cataract surgery is linked to increased mortality.

Background: Increased mortality has been linked to patients with cataract and cataract surgery. We tested the hypothesis that post-cataract endophthalmitis has a greater risk of death than pseudophakes who do not develop this complication.

Removal of subfoveal perfluorocarbon liquid: Report of 3 cases.

Purpose: To report removal of retained subfoveal perfluorocarbon liquid (PFCL) after vitrectomy for retinal detachment.

Methods: Three patients underwent 3-port 23-gauge vitrectomy in an attempt to remove retained subfoveal PFCL bubble secondary to retinal detachment surgery. In two patients, removal was achieved via a 23-G needle whereas the third patient with multiple small subfoveal droplets, multiple punctures were required and in that case a small 40-G needle was used.

Comparative study of femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery and conventional phacoemulsification in vitrectomized eyes.

Importance: To compare the safety and outcomes of femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (FLACS) and conventional phacoemulsification in post-vitrectomy eyes.

Background: To compare visual outcomes and adverse outcomes of FLACS and conventional phacoemulsification in vitrectomized eyes.

Design: Single surgeon, retrospective study set in a private clinic in Auckland, New Zealand.

Optic Nerve Head Hemorrhages Associated With Posterior Vitreous Detachment.

Purpose: To report and evaluate the clinical and optical coherence tomography (OCT) features of optic nerve hemorrhages (ONH) associated with spontaneous posterior vitreous detachment (PVD).

Design: A prospective case series conducted at a private ophthalmic practice in Auckland, New Zealand.

Methods: A consecutive series of patients presenting at a private multispecialty practice in Auckland, New Zealand, with symptoms of PVD with ONH underwent imaging of the optic nerve with digital retinal photography and OCT.

Macromolecular markers in normal human retina and applications to human retinal disease.

Macromolecular cell markers are essential for the classification and characterization of the highly complex and cellularly diverse vertebrate retina. Although a plethora of markers are described in the current literature, the immunoreactivity of these markers in normal human tissue has not been fully determined. This is problematic as they are quintessential to the characterization of morphological changes associated with human retinal disease.

Role of Concomitant Triamcinolone Acetonide Injection in Small-Gauge Vitrectomy for Idiopathic Epiretinal Membrane Peel.

Purpose: The concomitant use of triamcinolone acetonide (TA) at the completion of pars plana vitrectomy for the treatment of epiretinal membrane may speed up the anatomical and functional outcomes of surgery. We report the outcome of patients undergoing small-gauge vitrectomy for idiopathic epiretinal membrane peel with or without adjuvant TA therapy.

Design: This is a retrospective, single-center case series.

A Study Investigating a Possible Link Between Lens Protein in the Vitreous Fluid of Eyes After Uncomplicated Cataract Surgery and Chronic Cystoid Macular Edema.

Purpose: This study aimed to determine if the lens protein aquaporin 0 (AQP0) is present in the vitreous of pseudophakic eyes of patients presenting with chronic cystoid macular edema (CME).

Design: A case-control study was conducted.

Methods: Ten patients undergoing therapeutic vitrectomy for chronic CME after uncomplicated cataract surgery were enrolled in this study.

The incidence of retinal breaks in the presenting and fellow eyes in patients with acute symptomatic posterior vitreous detachment and their associated risk factors.

Purpose: To determine the incidence of retinal breaks in presenting and fellow eyes in patients with acute symptomatic posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) and their associated risk factors.

Design: A prospective study of 101 consecutive patients presenting with acute symptomatic PVD.

Methods: The PVD status and other relevant ophthalmic findings were noted for both presenting and fellow eyes at initial presentation.

Epiretinal membrane: a treatable cause of visual disability in myotonic dystrophy type 1.

A wide range of ocular abnormalities have been documented to occur in patients with myotonic dystrophy type 1. The objectives of this study were to investigate the macular and optic nerve morphology using optical coherence tomography in patients with myotonic dystrophy type 1. A total of 30 myotonic dystrophy type 1 patients and 28 controls were recruited for participation.

Amino acid immunoreactivity in normal human retina and after brachytherapy.

We localised amino acids in the mid-peripheral aged human retina and a retina that had undergone radiation treatment 10 years earlier. The distribution pattern of glutamate, γ-amino butyric acid (GABA), glycine, glutamine and taurine, reflected patterns established in the primate retina. The retina that had undergone radiation exposure displayed both anatomical and neurochemical remodelling.

Timing of acute macula-on rhegmatogenous retinal detachment repair.

Purpose: To determine if same-day or next available surgery changed the outcome of patients presenting with acute macula-on rhegmatogenous retinal detachments.

Methods: A retrospective review of patients presenting with acute macula-on rhegmatogenous retinal detachments treated with small-gauge vitrectomy was performed. Data collection included subjects' demographics, duration of symptoms, location and extent of the retinal detachment, and timing of surgery.

Creatine transporter immunolocalization in aged human and detached retinas.

Purpose: To identify the distribution of creatine transporter (CRT) in the aged human retina and how this expression pattern is modified after retinal detachment.

Methods: An affinity-purified antibody raised against the CRT was used in the immunohistochemical investigation. The anti-CRT antibody was colocalized with neuronal markers (calbindin, parvalbumin, Islet-1, calretinin, GAD₆₇, Go-alpha), glia markers (glutamine synthetase, glial fibrillary acid protein), and a blood vessel basal membrane marker (laminin).

Functional and anatomical remodeling in human retinal detachment.

Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment is by far the most common indication for retinal surgery and a major cause of severe vision loss. Increased levels of glutamate found in the vitreous of human patients and persistent remodeling, even after reattachment, suggest substantial neurochemical, functional and anatomical changes have occurred in the detached retina. Therefore, this study was designed to characterize the morphological changes and glutamate receptor functionality in human rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.

Retinal breaks in small-gauge pars plana vitrectomy.

Purpose: To determine the frequency of peripheral iatrogenic retinal breaks in eyes undergoing small-gauge pars plana vitrectomy.

Design: Prospective, single-center, noncomparative interventional case series.

Methods: A consecutive series of patients that underwent 23- or 25-gauge vitrectomy between July 2010 and the end of October 2010 were included in the study.

Functional activation of glutamate ionotropic receptors in the human peripheral retina.

Glutamate is the major neurotransmitter in the vertebrate retina. Neurons involved in the glutamate pathway express α-amino-3-hydroxyl-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid (AMPA), kainic acid (KA) and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. Functional characterization of these ionotropic glutamate receptors can be achieved by using a cation channel permeating probe named agmatine (1-amino-4-guanidobutane; AGB).