Pembrolizumab-Induced Ketoacidosis: A Case Report.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), such as pembrolizumab, have transformed immuno-oncology by demonstrating efficacy against various cancers, including small-cell lung carcinoma and HER2-positive gastric cancer. Despite their benefits, ICIs can provoke immune-related adverse events, with endocrinopathies being rare but carrying significant complications. We report a case of pembrolizumab-induced diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in an 87-year-old woman with advanced gastric carcinoma and no prior diabetes history.

Glutamine Metabolism and Prostate Cancer.

Glutamine (Gln) is a non-essential amino acid that is involved in the development and progression of several malignancies, including prostate cancer (PCa). While Gln is non-essential for non-malignant prostate epithelial cells, PCa cells become highly dependent on an exogenous source of Gln. The Gln metabolism in PCa is tightly controlled by well-described oncogenes such as MYC, AR, and mTOR.

[Moscow screening: breast cancer screening with mammography as a method of improving early stage cancer detection].

A list of organizational, management, and clinical steps that are crucial for creating an effective breast cancer screening program as part of the state medical benefits scheme in Moscow is presented. We identified key performance indicators for each stage of the screening program. Performance of radiologists and radiology technicians was evaluated, including assessing the accuracy of both single and double reading of mammograms.

2-Heteroaryl-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]quinazoline-5(6 H)-thiones and Their S-Substituted Derivatives: Synthesis, Spectroscopic Data, and Biological Activity.

In the continuing search for novel, biologically effective heterocyclic agents, several methods for the synthesis of 2-heteroaryl-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]quinazoline-5(6 H)-thiones have been developed: thiolation of oxo derivatives, [5+1] cyclocondensation of [2-(3-heteroaryl-[1,2,4]triazol-5-yl)phenyl]amines with carbon disulfide, potassium ethyl xanthogenate, or aryl isothiocyanates, and in situ reaction of 2-isothiocyanatobenzonitrile with hydrazides. A series of N-R-2-[(2-heteroaryl-[1,2,4]triazole-[1,5-c]quinazoline-5-yl)thio]acetamides were obtained by aminolysis of the corresponding acetic acids and alkylation of potassium thiolates with N-R-2-chloroacetamides. It was established that some potassium thiolates, 4 a-4 d, 4 h, and 4 i, had high antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 12.

Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of 6-Thioxo-6,7-dihydro-2H-[1,2,4]triazino[2,3-c]-quinazolin-2-one Derivatives.

Potassium 8-R(1)-9-R(2)-10-R(3)-3-R-2-oxo-2H-[1,2,4]triazino[2,3-c]quinazoline-6-thiolates 2.1-2.26 were synthesized via cyclocondensation of 6-R-3-(3-R(1)-4-R(2)-5-R(3)-aminophenyl)-1,2,4-triazin-5-ones 1.

[Chronotherapy and relativity theory].

The course of time itself in alive organisms is treated from positions of the special theory of the relativity created by A. Einstein in 1905 and added by the Nobel winners H.A.

[About phenomenon of time and efficiency of chronotherapy of chronic diseases].

Resonance chronophytotherapy (RCT) was carried out to patients with epilepsy, bronchial asthma, rheumatism, scleroderma, hypertension, chronic glomerulonephritis, vegetovascular dystonia, female sterility, round-type alopecia, vitiligo, eczema, psoriasis, onychomycosis. Special medicine technology RCT does not have any adverse effects nor contraindications and is intended first of all to eliminate non specific signs of a disease, decrease dependence and complications of applying chemical synthetic medications. RCT may be used together with any type of specific treatment.

[The surgical treatment of medullocervical tumors].

The study included 12 operated patients with medullocervical gliomas. Two of them had hemangioblastomas, 6-ependymomas, 4-astrocytomas with different degree of dedifferentiation. The gross total tumor removals were achieved in 4 patients with ependymomas and patient with hemangioblastomas.

[The specifics of the diagnosis of hepatic trauma in a closed combined injury].

Examination was done to 196 injured persons with the closed abdominal trauma and hepatic injury. Reverse dependence between the trauma severity and frequency of abdominal symptoms exposure was established. Importance of rational use of instrumental diagnostical methods to reveal the hepatic injury timely was stressed.

[The effect of light craniocerebral trauma on cardiac activity].

Heart activity was studied by electrocardiography (ECG) and variation pulsometry in patients aged from 17 to 44 1-21 days after light brain trauma. Homeostatic imbalance between suprasegmental structures of the brain was established. Disintegrated activity of these structures results in increase of ECG and variation pulsometry may be additional criteria for assessment of interactions between sympathetic nervous system and different levels of heart rhythm regulation.

[Specifics of diagnostic and surgical approach in the treatment of complicated injuries of the extremities in the acute period].

The results of treatment of 82 patients with associated injury to the nerves of the extremities have been analysed. In rupture of a nerve, the clinico-neurologic examination has the most informative value, in its partial injury, the performance of electrophysiologic investigations is mandatory. A degree of restoration of the extremity function depends on timeliness and adequacy of the operation.

[Hyperbaric oxygenation in the combined treatment of the neurological manifestations in osteochondrosis of the cervical spine].

The authors analyze treatment results of 123 patients with neurological manifestations of cervical osteochondrosis. Complex treatment was used medical and surgical. In 110 patients hyperbaric oxygenation was used and it is suggested that in the complex treatment of such patients it proved rather effective.

[Osteosynthesis in patients with associated cranio-cerebral trauma].

In the article are presented the results of surgical treatment of 176 patients with associated craniocerebral injury. To the primary osteosynthesis in the first post-hospital day have been subjected 75 patients and to the postponed osteosynthesis--101 patient. For osteosynthesis there have been applied the methods of stable-functional osteosynthesis by plates (57.

[The role of vitamin E in the biosynthesis of ubiquinone (Q) and ubichromenol (QC) in rat liver].

Some peculiarities of ubiquinone (Q) biosynthesis in the livers of vitamin E-deficient rats induced in vitro by alpha-tocopherol and S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) were investigated. When [C3H3]SAM was used as a precursor, alpha-tocopherol added to the sample induced a marked elevation of the content of Q concomitantly with a drastic increase (2.82-fold) of specific radioactivity of Q in the liver as compared to control.

[Diagnosis of mild cranio-cerebral injury].

As many as 143 patients with concussion and 79 with contusion of the brain of the mild degree were examined. In concussion, the oral reflex never occurs. Meanwhile Marinesco-Radovici reflex is positive almost in 90%, appearing, however, not earlier than 6 hours after the injury and lasting up to 7-16 days.

[Dynamic monitoring of the severity of brain edema and swelling by separate impedance measurement in patients with severe craniocerebral trauma].

The dynamics of brain edema and swelling was studied according to the indices of separate impedancemetry in the early posttraumatic period in 36 patients with severe craniocerebral trauma. Swelling of the brain predominated on the 1st and 2nd days in most patients. Later, depending on the severity of the posttraumatic period, the swelling may grow or be replaced by edema with subsequent normalization.

[Mortality rate in multiple trauma and prospects of its reduction].

In all the 1746 patients, who died from trauma, the multiple and associated injuries were revealed. Multiple wounds of a head and thoracicoabdominal trauma, shock, blood loss, combination of two and more severe injuries were the leading cause of death. The aid to the patients with polytrauma at all the stages of treatment should be given with maximal promptitude, admission to the multiprofile hospitals is expedient.

[Characteristics of higher nervous activity in patients after mild craniocerebral trauma].

A three-four year dynamic study of 211 patients (age: 15-60 years) with a history of mild head injury revealed that the younger group of patients (from 20 to 30 years) showed within 3-4 years after the injury a more complete restoration of the higher nervous activity processes than patients of other age groups. In patients suffering of cerebrovascular diseases before mild head injury the dynamics of this restoration depended on the treatment carried out before the head injury.

[Clinico-morphologic characteristics of brain contusion in patients of various age groups].

Brain contusion in children becomes fatal only when the cerebrocranial trauma is very serious and coarse diffuse lesions occur in the whole brain. Foci of intracerebral hemorrhages are relatively rare in such cases. A special form of affection--diffuse involvement of the brain is often encountered in children and young persons.