Primary Melanoma miRNA Trafficking Induces Lymphangiogenesis.

Melanoma, the deadliest cutaneous tumor, initiates within the epidermis; during progression, cells invade into the dermis and become metastatic through the lymphatic and blood system. Before melanoma cell invasion into the dermis, an increased density of dermal lymphatic vessels is observed, generated by a mechanism which is not fully understood. In this study, we show that, while at the primary epidermal stage (in situ), melanoma cells secrete extracellular vesicles termed melanosomes, which are uptaken by dermal lymphatic cells, leading to transcriptional and phenotypic pro-lymphangiogenic changes.

Effects of cell size and bicarbonate on single photon response variability in retinal rods.

Accurate photon counting requires that rods generate highly amplified, reproducible single photon responses (SPRs). The SPR is generated within the rod outer segment (ROS), a multilayered structure built from membranous disks that house rhodopsin. Photoisomerization of rhodopsin at the disk rim causes a local depletion of cGMP that closes ion channels in the plasmalemma located nearby with relative rapidity.

Altered RNA Editing in Atopic Dermatitis Highlights the Role of Double-Stranded RNA for Immune Surveillance.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is associated with dysregulated type 1 IFN‒mediated responses, in parallel with the dominant type 2 inflammation. However, the pathophysiology of this dysregulation is largely unknown. Adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing plays a critical role in immune regulation by preventing double-stranded RNA recognition by MDA5 and IFN activation.

Two- and Three-Dimensional Tracking of mRNA Molecules in Mating Yeast.

Intracellular mRNA transport contributes to the spatio-temporal regulation of mRNA function and localized translation. In the budding yeast, , asymmetric mRNA transport localizes ~30 specific mRNAs including those encoding polarity and secretion factors, to the bud tip. The underlying process involves RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), molecular motors, processing bodies (PBs), and the actin cytoskeleton.

Modes of Accessing Bicarbonate for the Regulation of Membrane Guanylate Cyclase (ROS-GC) in Retinal Rods and Cones.

The membrane guanylate cyclase, ROS-GC, that synthesizes cyclic GMP for use as a second messenger for visual transduction in retinal rods and cones, is stimulated by bicarbonate. Bicarbonate acts directly on ROS-GC1, because it enhanced the enzymatic activity of a purified, recombinant fragment of bovine ROS-GC1 consisting solely of the core catalytic domain. Moreover, recombinant ROS-GC1 proved to be a true sensor of bicarbonate, rather than a sensor for CO.

Network analysis of microRNAs, genes and their regulation in diffuse and follicular B-cell lymphomas.

MicroRNAs (miRs) are short non-coding regulatory RNAs that control gene expression at the post-transcriptional level and play an important role in cancer development and progression, acting either as oncogenes or as tumor suppressors. Identification of aberrantly expressed miRs in patients with hematological malignancies as compared to healthy individuals has suggested that these molecules may serve as novel clinical diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. We conducted a systematic literature review of articles published between 2007 and 2017 and re-analyzed experimentally-validated human miR expression signatures in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and follicular lymphoma (FL) from various biological sources (tumor tissue, peripheral blood, bone marrow and cell lines).

Increased copper bioremediation ability of new transgenic and adapted Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains.

Environmental pollution with heavy metals is a very serious ecological problem, which can be solved by bioremediation of metal ions by microorganisms. Yeast cells, especially Saccharomyces cerevisiae, are known to exhibit a good natural ability to remove heavy metal ions from an aqueous phase. In the present work, an attempt was made to increase the copper-binding properties of S.