[Facial emotion recognition in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder].

Introduction: There are difficulties in relationships that are attributed to a commitment in facial emotions recognition skills in subjects with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The studies carried out did not always take into account the nature of the stimulus selected in pediatrics, which is important because the familiarity in faces, in terms of their physiognomic characteristics, makes it easier the recognition of the expressions.

Aim: To identify the profile of recognition of emotions in pediatric subjects with ADHD, using as a stimulus photos of boys and girls.

[Secondary Metabolites from Marine Microorganisms. I. Secondary Metabolites from Marine Actinomycetes].

Review represents data on new active metabolites isolated from marine actinomycetes published in 2007 to 2014. Marine actinomycetes are an unlimited source of novel secondary metabolites with various biological activities. Among them there are antibiotics, anticancer compounds, inhibitors of biochemical processes.

[On Biofilms of Streptomycetes. II. Use in Biotechnology].

Streptomycetes or mycelial microorganisms are able to form biofilms under the natural, industrial and clinical conditions. The controlled use of biofilms in various industrial processes is much more efficient vs. the cultivation of plankton suspended cells.

Secondary Metabolites from Marine Microorganisms. II. Marine Fungi and Their Habitats.

Marine-derived fungi are of great interest as a new promising source of biologically active products such as anticancer compounds, antibiotics, inhibitors of biochemical processes. Since marine organisms inhabit biologically competitive environment with unique conditions, the chemical diversity of the secondary metabolites from marine fungi is considerably high. Recent genomic studies demonstrated that fungi can carry gene clasters encoding production of previously unknown secondary metabolites.

[Streptomycetes in the Light of the Concept of Multicellularity of Bacteria.].

The review concerns discussion of certain aspects of growth and development of streptomycetes, that have an adaptation meaning for their existence under natural conditions and reflect our perception of them as procaryotes which have a range of qualities typical of multicellular organisms. At present, the concept of multicellularity is the key idea in investigation of growth processes, differentiation and physiology of streptomycetes. Streptomyces olivocinereus is presented as an effective model that gives the unique opportunities for investigation of different aspects of biology of streptomycetes within laboratory environment as well as in natural environment in suli.

[Streptomycetes Biofilms. I. Occurrence and Formation].

Streptomycetes, soil-dwelling mycelial bacteria, can form biofilms as indigenous components of the environment. The biofilms formed by streptomycetes exist in different ecological niches, in natural, medical, industrial environments. The biofilm-forming streptomycetes affect water quality, human health, associate with deterioration of artworks and historical monuments.

[Microbial secondary metabolites as potential reserve of pharmaceuticals].

The major characteristics of new bioactive microbial secondary metabolites are summarized in the review. A wide range of new molecular targets are implicated in discovery of new nonantibiotic compounds with some other pharmacological activities (noninfectious diseases). Microorganisms represent fascinating resources due to their production of novel products with broad spectra of bioactivities.

[Action of antibiotics as signalling molecules].

It was thought that antibiotics should be produced by soil microorganisms to inhibit the growth of competitors in natural habitats. Yet it has been shown that antibiotics at subinhibitory concentrations may have a role as signalling molecules providing cell-to-cell communication in bacteria in the environment. Antibiotics modulate gene transcription and regulate gene expression in microbial populations.

[Biologically active nonribosomal peptides. III. Mechanism of biosynthesis of nonribosomal peptides].

The third part of the review is concerned with investigation of nonribosomal peptides.

[Microbial antibiotic resistance: resistome, its volume, diversity and development].

The known conceptions of resistome as a complex of all the antibiotic resistance genes in the genomes of all the microorganisms, pathogenic and nonpathogenic ones, in nature are considered. The data on the origin, evolution and distribution of antibiotic resistance genes and possible approaches to the resistance distribution control are presented.

[Biologically active nonribosomal peptides. I. Nonribosamal polypeptide antibiotics].

The data on novel polypeptide antibiotics described within the last 10-15 years, as well as new researches on the known antibiotics with respect to their mechanisms of action and microbial resistance are presented.

White Paper Report of the RAD-AID Conference on International Radiology for Developing Countries: identifying challenges, opportunities, and strategies for imaging services in the developing world.

The RAD-AID Conference on International Radiology for Developing Countries was an assembly of individuals and organizations interested in improving access to medical imaging services in developing countries where the availability of radiology has been inadequate for both patient care and public health programs. The purpose of the meeting was to discuss data, experiences, and models pertaining to radiology in the developing world and to evaluate potential opportunities for future collaboration. Conference participants included radiologists, technologists, faculty members of academic medical institutions, and leadership of nongovernmental organizations involved in international health care and social entrepreneurship.

[Cell wall components in Staphylococcus aureus with double resistance to gramicidin S and actinomycin D].

Cell walls of Staphylococcus aureus R9/80 resistant to gramicidin S and actinomycin D were investigated. The strain was isolated after passages of a previously isolated strain of S. aureus with resistance to gramicidin and definite changes in the cell walls, a medium with increasing concentrations of actinomycin being used for the passages.

[Impact of exogenous glycine on actinomycin D resistance of Staphylococcus aureus strain adapted to the antibiotic].

The impact of glycine, added to the cultivation medium, on resistance of Staphylococcus aureus strains to actinomycin D and gramicidin S was studied. The antibiotic resistant strains were isolated after cultivation of the susceptible S. aureus strain 209P on media with increasing concentrations of actinomycin or gramicidin.

[Investigation of cell wall components in actinomycin D resistant Staphylococcus aureus].

Cell walls in 2 strains of Staphylococcus aureus 209P, i.e. actinomycin D susceptible and resistant ones were comparatively investigated.

[Cell wall components of gramicidin S resistant Staphylococcus aureus].

Comparative study of two staphylococcus aureus 209P strains--resistant and susceptible to gramicidin S demonstrated that peptidoglycanes of two strains differ by ratio glycine/serine at peptide bridges. Besides peptidoglycanes significantly differ by amidation of alfa-carboxyles of glutamic acid in muropeptide. This peptidoglycane modification of resistant cells along with enhanced content of etherized D-alanine in teichoic acid provides lower negative charge of cell wall components.

[The study of Staphylococcus aureus strain resistant to actinomycin D].

Staphylococcus aureus strains, resistant to actinomycin D (AMD) and to gramicidin S (GS) were selected by S. aureus 209P passing on the media containing the above mentioned drugs. Strain R80 resistant to AMD and strain R9 resistant to GS and AMD and described before didn't perform enzyme inactivation of AMD.

[The capacity of the mycelia of Streptomyces chrysomallus variants to bind exogenous actinomycin D and the synthesis by these variants of macrotetralides].

Streptomyces chrysomallus is known as an organism producing macrotetrolides (MTL) and actinomycin C. The dynamics of the MTL biosynthesis by some variants of S. chrysomallus in the process of their growth in liquid media was studied.

[Antimicrobial and membranolytic activity of sterically hindered phenols].

Antimicrobial activity of some complicated space phenols (screened) was studied. The compounds had different activities against grampositive bacteria and were inactive against gramnegative microbes. Di-tertiary butyl derivatives of pyrocatechol and resorcin showed the highest activities.

[Interaction of actinomycin D with suspended mycelium of streptomyces].

Binding of exogenous actinomycin D (AMD) by washed mycelium of streptomycetes i.e. variants of Streptomyces chrysomallus producing and not producing actinomycins and Streptomyces lividans not synthesizing the antibiotics was studied.

[A conjugate of ristomycin A ristosaminylaglycon-polymyxin B: the spectrum of its antimicrobial action and its membranolytic activity].

Antimicrobial activity of a conjugate based on two antibiotics, i.e. ristomycin A and polymyxin B was studied.