Expression of cannabinoid and cannabinoid-related receptors in the oral mucosa of healthy cats and cats with chronic gingivostomatitis.

Objectives: Feline chronic gingivostomatitis (FCGS) is an oral disease. Cats with FCGS experience intense oral pain. Some cats remain refractory to current therapies based on dental extraction and adjuvant medical treatment; it is therefore necessary to investigate alternative therapeutic targets involved in inflammatory mechanisms and pain, namely the endocannabinoid system (ECS).

Whole-genome sequencing of a CTX-M-11-encoding and quinolone-non-susceptible Klebsiella pneumoniae ST194 isolate from a hospitalised dog in Greece.

Objectives: The emergence and spread of transferable β-lactamases among Enterobacteriaceae is a major problem both to human and veterinary medicine and is an important contributing factor to the development of multidrug-resistant bacterial isolates. In the present study, whole-genome sequencing of a Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate (LKP817909) resistant to first- and second-generation cephalosporins and non-susceptible to fluoroquinolones, isolated from a urine sample of a hospitalised dog, was performed.

Methods: Genome sequencing was performed on an Illumina MiniSeq Sequencing System.

Substance P and the neurokinin-1 receptor expression in dog ileum with and without inflammation.

In the gastrointestinal tract, the tachykinin Substance P (SP) is involved in motility, fluid and electrolyte secretion, and blood flow and regulation of immunoinflammatory response. SP exerts its biological activity on target cells by interacting mainly with the neurokinin-1 receptor (NKR). The present study aims to quantify the percentage of SP-immunoreactive (SP-IR) enteric neurons and the density of SP-IR nerve fibers in the ileum of control dogs (CTRL-dogs; n=7) vs dogs with spontaneous ileal inflammation (INF-dogs; n=8).

Quantification of nitrergic neurons in the myenteric plexus of gastric antrum and ileum of healthy and diabetic dogs.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) determines a wide array of severe clinical complications including gastrointestinal motility disorders. The present study investigates the effects of spontaneous DM on the intramural innervation and in particular on nitrergic neurons of the myenteric plexus (MP) of the canine gastric antrum and ileum. Specimens of antrum and ileum from eight control-dogs and five insulin-dependent DM-dogs were collected.

Reduced sleep duration affects body composition, dietary intake and quality of life in obese subjects.

Purpose: Sleep duration has emerged as a crucial factor affecting body weight and feeding behaviour. The aim of our study was to explore the relationship among sleep duration, body composition, dietary intake, and quality of life (QoL) in obese subjects.

Methods: Body composition was assessed by DXA.

Effect of ischemia and reperfusion on antioxidant enzymes and mitochondrial inner membrane proteins in perfused rat heart.

Experiments were performed to investigate the effects of 60 min severe global ischemia followed by 30 min reperfusion on the antioxidant enzymatic system in the isolated perfused rat heart. Ischemia induced a significant increase of cytoplasmic and mitochondrial selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase (EC 1.11.

Change in plasma amino acid concentrations during breath-hold diving at high altitude.

We studied the plasma concentration of various amino acids in 6 Italian sport divers in Italy and at approximately 4,500 m altitude in Peru; 6 Peruvian inhabitants were examined for comparison. We attempted to create a situation of pronounced hypoxia in muscles by breath-hold diving at altitude. The diving reflex diverts blood away from muscles while diving increases central oxygen tension and prevents loss of consciousness.

Glutathione-S-transferase activity from rat placenta.

Glutathione S-transferase activity significantly decreased in the rat placenta from the 16th to the 20th day of gestation. Isoelectric focusing of rat placenta supernatant yielded essentially a single peak of glutathione S-transferase activity with I-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene as substrate, centred on pH 7.45.

Glutathione-related enzyme activities in pregnant rat liver.

The levels of GSH-related enzyme activities during pregnancy were determined. A significant increase in Selenium-dependent GSH peroxidase and GSH S-transferase E activity was observed. A concomitant increase in gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase was measured, which indicated an increased ability to synthesize the tripeptide.

The isolation, characterisation and kinetics of glutathione-S-transferase from human platelets.

Glutathione S-transferase activity from human platelets was purified to homogeneity by affinity chromatography. The purified enzyme was found to be the acidic form and its molecular and catalytic properties were identical to acidic glutathione S-transferases purified from other human tissues. The purified platelet enzyme had no peroxidase activity and did not protect microsomes against peroxidation.

In vitro interaction of penicillins and cephalosporins with human placenta GSH S-transferase.

Human purified placenta GSH S-transferase was generally inhibited by penicillins and cephalosporins to a different extent. Among the seven penicillins tested the dihalogenate dicloxacillin and flucloxacillin were the strongest inhibitors. All cephalosporins showed competitive inhibition for the electrophilic substrate, while penicillins acted as non-competitive inhibitors.

Superoxide dismutase, reduced glutathione and TBA-reactive products in erythrocytes of patients with multiple sclerosis.

Superoxide dismutase, reduced glutathione and lipid peroxides levels were determined in the erythrocytes of multiple sclerosis patients. Superoxide dismutase activity and the malonyldialdehyde production rate were found to be significantly enhanced. The isoelectric focusing pattern of superoxide dismutase from multiple sclerosis and normal subjects erythrocytes was substantially overlapping.

Isoelectric focusing of brain cortex GSH S-transferase activity in mammals: evidence that polymorphism is absent in man.

Specific activities of GSH S-transferase toward different model substrates were determined in the cytosol prepared from rat, guinea pig, rabbit, mouse, sheep, beef, pig and human brain cortex. The GSH S-transferase composition of the eight mammalian brain cortices was studied by using density gradient isoelectric focusing technique. Human brain cortex GSH S-transferase was resolved into a single peak of activity centered at pH 4.

Glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glutathione S-transferase, and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase activities in the human early pregnancy placenta.

GSH peroxidase, GSSG reductase, GSH S-transferase, and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase activities were measured in the supernatant of 13 human early pregnancy placenta homogenates. From measurements of GSH peroxidase activity with both H2O2 and cumene hydroperoxide as second substrate it was deduced that immature placenta contains only the Se-dependent form. All the specimens investigated exhibited GSSG reductase and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase activities.

Glutathione S-transferase activity from guinea-pig brain: a comparison with hepatic multiple forms.

1. Specific activities of glutathione S-transferase towards four model substrates were determined in guinea-pig brain 50,000 g supernatant and compared with those obtained for liver and kidney extract. 2.

[Spectral properties of perselenosulfide].

The riductive scission of a diselenide (selenocystamine) produced by disulfide gives the perselenosulfide, a new compound. Its formation kinetics, carried out a several pH values, were recorded spectrophotometrically at 375 nm. The lability of perselenosulfide bond by cianolysis has been demonstrated.

[Preliminary study of the physical chemistry and catalytic properties of glutathione-S-transferase from human placenta].

Glutathione-S-transferase activity has been identified in the cytosol of human placenta. The specific activity measured is about 50% of that found in human liver. While some kinetic data have a close correspondence with those attributed to transferases of other sources, the molecular weight (60.

Chemical modifications of histidine residues in cytoplasmic asparate aminotransferase from beef kidney.

Holo and apoenzyme of aspartate aminotransferase from beef kidney are 80% inactivated by photoxidation in the presence of 2 X 10(-6) M tetraiodofluroescein with the modification of two histidine residues per enzyme protomer. At a higher concentration (1 X 10(-5) M) a tyrosine residue is also modified. The keto substrates, ketoglutarate and oxalacetate, protect the enzyme from photoxidation.