Non-Linear Relation Between Upper Arm Volume and Maximal Effort Force Production.

The objective of the present study was to examine the relationship between maximal effort force production and anthropometric measures of upper arm volume. Thirty healthy young participants (15 women) performed five isokinetic concentric and eccentric maximal-effort elbow flexor/extensor contractions, on separate days. Measures of arm length, circumference, and skinfold/subcutaneous fat thickness were used to obtain a measure of arm volume, modeled as two separate right-angle frustra.

Contraction mode and intensity effects on elbow antagonist muscle co-activation.

Introduction: Agonist muscle contraction mode and intensity effects on antagonist co-activation was examined between men and women.

Methods: Fifteen healthy young men (mean ± standard deviation age = 24.9 ± 4.

Gender and contraction mode on perceived exertion.

The purpose of this study was to examine perceived exertion responses during concentric and eccentric elbow flexor contractions between young adult men and women. Thirty healthy young adults participated in two experimental sessions. During the first session, subjects performed five concentric isokinetic maximal voluntary contractions (MVC) of elbow flexion, followed by nine, randomly-ordered sub-maximal contractions (10-90% MVC).