Hyperactive delta isoform of PI3Kinase enables long distance regeneration of adult rat corticospinal tract.

Neurons in the central nervous system (CNS) lose regenerative potential with maturity, leading to minimal corticospinal tract (CST) axon regrowth after spinal cord injury (SCI). In young rodents, knockdown of PTEN, which antagonises PI3K signalling by hydrolysing PIP3, promotes axon regeneration following SCI. However, this effect diminishes in adults, potentially due to lower PI3K activation leading to reduced PIP3.

Evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in pregnant and breastfeeding women.

Background: : The SARS-CoV-2 virus can lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes; pregnant women also experience immune suppression, increasing vulnerability. Vaccination can confer lasting protection, but most clinical trials exclude pregnant and breastfeeding women, leading to paucity of safety data.

Methods: : Via an online questionnaire, we have inquired about the safety experience of 2192 pregnant or breastfeeding women vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2, including the incidence of adverse events, pregnancy outcomes, and confirmed infection with SARS-CoV-2.

Tracing of persistent Listeria monocytogenes contamination in ewe's milk farm.

Ewe's milk farm production is permanently associated with the risk of contamination by pathogenic bacteria, including Listeria monocytogenes. In the present study, the prevalence and diversity of L. monocytogenes strains repeatedly isolated from tank ewe's milk and the milking environment on a farm in Slovakia during a prolonged period were investigated to identify the source of potentially persistent contamination.

The cytoreductive radical prostatectomy in metastatic prostate cancer.

Background: In metastatic prostate cancer (mPCa), the standard treatment involves systemic treatment including androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), possibly in combination with new drugs called androgen receptor targeting agents (ARTA) or docetaxel. The treatment of the prostate itself in mPCa represents a new paradigm in the so-called oligometastatic prostate cancer (OMPCa), which is considered to be a kind of intermediate stage between localized disease and extensive metastatic disease. Thanks to new dia-gnostic methods, OMPCa is an increasingly frequently dia-gnosed stage of mPCa.

Different epidemiological pattern of canine dirofilariosis in two neighboring countries in Central Europe-the Czech Republic and Slovakia.

The known data resulting from individual surveys of canine dirofilariosis point to the great differences in the epidemiological situation among countries where Dirofilaria parasites emerged approximately at the same time. In this regard, the Czech Republic and Slovakia, neighboring countries situated in Central Europe, could serve as an illustrative example of such a situation. The present study aimed to assess the prevalence of canine dirofilariosis in both countries and to discuss the reasons for potential differences shown.

Primary Branchiogenic Carcinoma.

Background: Primary branchiogenic carcinoma (BC) is an exceptional diagnostic entity. In most cases, suspicion of BC is confirmed to be a cystic lymph node metastasis of an occult primary tumor. Martin and Khafif therefore established diagnostic criteria, emphasizing above all the importance of a histologically assessed transformation of cystic lining epithelium into an invasive squamous cell carcinoma in one pathological lesion after the exclusion of a primary tumor.

Metastases of a Breast Cancer to Skull Base.

Background: Breast cancer (BC) is a frequent malignant disease which tends to develop distant metastases, but only very rarely in the head and neck region.

Case Report: We present two case reports of patients with metastases of invasive BC in this area. They are of different clinical manifestation with different time relation to the primary tumor and different symptomatology.

Histopathology of Neuroendocrine Neoplasms of the Gastrointestinal System.

Background: Tumors arising from neuroendocrine cells are defined as epithelial neoplasms with predominantly neuroendocrine differentiation. They comprise a distinct group of tumors with a characteristic histological structure and functional properties that develop at various sites, particularly the gastrointestinal system (67%) and lungs (25%). Although such tumors are usually slow-growing and indolent, almost all have malignant potential and most can produce active hormones.

Cough modulation by upper airway stimuli in cat - potential clinical application?

The modulation of mechanically induced tracheobronchial cough was tested by applying various stimuli and the elicitation of other airway protective behaviors in pentobarbital anesthetized cats. Capsaicin and histamine were injected in the nose, and mechanical nylon fiber and / or air puff stimulation was applied to the nose and nasopharynx. Reflex responses of cough, sneeze, aspiration reflex and expiration reflex were induced mechanically.

Relationship Between Rheumatoid Arthritis Disease Activity Assessed with the US7 Score and Quality of Life Measured with Questionnaires (HAQ, EQ-5D, WPAI).

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic disease considerably affecting the quality of life of patients, their functional abilities and capability to work. In everyday clinical practice, the condition is commonly monitored by assessing the disease activity using a joint count and laboratory markers of inflammation with calculating the DAS28 or other systems for scoring the disease activity.

Objectives: This study is aimed to evaluate the benefit of ultrasound examination with a standardized instrument and correlate its results with the quality of life of patients and their functional abilities as assessed by standardized questionnaire methods.

HOW DO WE EVALUATE AND MANAGE MANY DIFFERENT VACCINATION SCHEDULES IN THE EU?

Background: Vaccines are biologic medical products, the biological activity and characteristics of which are significantly different from common drugs and other medical products. The process of determining the dosing (vaccination) schedule for a particular vaccine is based on different principles and rules than other drugs. The dosing schedule for drugs is based on the essential pharmacological properties: pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.

Detection of multiple stresses in Scots pine growing at post-mining sites using visible to near-infrared spectroscopy.

Heavy metal contamination, low pH and high substrate heterogeneity are multiple stress factors that often occur at the post-mining sites and make difficult the biological reclamation. Efficient tools for detection of the status of reclaimed vegetation at post-mining sites are needed. We tested the potential of visible to near-infrared (VNIR) spectroscopy to detect multiple stresses in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.

Screening for prostate cancer in New Zealand general practice.

Objective: To ascertain the rates and patterns of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening in New Zealand men.

Methods: The study population included 35,958 men aged 40+ years, with no prior diagnosis of prostate cancer, enrolled in 31 general practices in the Midland Cancer Network Region of New Zealand in 2010. Computerized practice records were searched for information, including reasons for testing, for men with elevated PSA test results in 2010.

[Studies of local anaesthetics - part 197. Effect of xylitol on pharmaceutical availability of lidocaine and flow properties of hydrogels].

Unlabelled: The paper examines the formulation of hydrogel on the base of a synthetic polymer containing a local anaesthetic and a mass-produced drug in the form of a solution with an antiphlogistic effect. It aimed to prepare a hydrogel of a suitable composition with suitable flow properties and drug release, the active ingredient being lidocaine hydrochloride. Besides the role of a synthetic polymer which ensures that the active ingredient remains at the affected site, an important role in the formulation is played by the presence of an artificial sweetener, which to a great extent as a taste correcting agent of the unpleasant taste of the active ingredient influences the compliance of many patients.

Safety assessment of nanoparticles cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of metal nanoparticles in vitro.

There is an urgent need to investigate the mechanisms of action of NMs and to develop testing strategies to assess potential environmental and human hazard. Our study has shown that metal nanoparticles such as iron oxide may induce genotoxic effect. It was inferred that coating and surface properties influence NPs cytotoxicity and genotoxicity.

An embolus in the right atrium caught in the Chiari network and resistant to thrombolysis.

This case report describes a patient with thromboemboli trapped in the Chiari network within the right side of the heart and resistant to thrombolysis. The right atrial masses were completely removed under cardiopulmonary bypass. Histological evaluation confirmed a mixed thromboemboli, with thrombus structures showing signs of organisation and surrounded by a fibrous capsule.

Primary pancreatic leiomyosarcoma: a case report.

Background: Leiomyosarcoma are malignant tumours of the soft tissues. It is most commonly found in the stomach, small intestine and retroperitoneum. Primary pancreatic leiomyosarcoma is extremely rare and only 22 cases have been reported in the literature since 1951.