The Species of the -Group of (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), with Descriptions of Three New Species, DNA Sequence Data and One Newly-Recorded Species from China.

Seventeen species of the -group of (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) are reviewed worldwide, including three new species, and five previously described species in China. The -group was defined by a combination of characters: head and body dark with parts of metasoma pale; fore wing with a complete row of setae inside the linea calva, or also only with a few setae in the angle between the linea and marginal vein; legs with mesocoxae, metacoxae and metatibia dark, metafemur pale. In this paper, three new species, Wang & Huang, , Wang & Huang, and Wang & Huang, , are described and illustrated, with notes on one species, Hopper & Woolley, new to China.

Afrotropical Rohwer, 1914 (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) with description of four new species.

The braconid parasitoid wasp genus Rohwer, 1914 is revised for the Afrotropical region, with four new species described; Liu & Polaszek, , Liu & Polaszek, , Liu & Polaszek, , and Liu & Polaszek, are described based on specimens from the Natural History Museum, United Kingdom, and the Royal Museum for Central Africa, Belgium. An illustrated key to species in the Afrotropical region is provided.

The Chalcidoidea bush of life: evolutionary history of a massive radiation of minute wasps.

Chalcidoidea are mostly parasitoid wasps that include as many as 500 000 estimated species. Capturing phylogenetic signal from such a massive radiation can be daunting. Chalcidoidea is an excellent example of a hyperdiverse group that has remained recalcitrant to phylogenetic resolution.

Review of the genus Sparasion Latreille, 1802 (Hymenoptera: Platygastroidea: Sparasionidae) of the Oriental region with descriptions of new species from India.

Background: The genus Sparasion, endoparasitoids of Tettigoniidae, occur in the Nearctic, Palearctic, Afrotropical and Oriental regions. It is absent in the Neotropics and Australasia. Of the thirteen species found in the Oriental region only a single species is from India.

Ooencyrtus pitosina (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae)-A natural enemy of Samoan swallowtail butterfly Papilio godeffroyi (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae).

A new species of encyrtid wasp, Ooencyrtus pitosina Polaszek, Noyes & Fusu sp. n., (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae: Encyrtinae) is described as a gregarious parasitoid in the eggs of the endemic Samoan swallowtail butterfly Papilio godeffroyi (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) in the Samoan archipelago.

A revision of the species-group (= Howard) (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), gregarious endoparasitoids of whiteflies (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in the Neotropical Region.

The genus Howard 1914 is synonymized with Förster, and treated as a species-group of , referred to henceforth as the species-group. The monophyly of is discussed in relation to . The new synonymy is based on phylogenetic analyses of the nuclear ribosomal 28S-D2 gene region (43 taxa, 510 bp).

Two new species of Pseudapis Kirby, 1900 (Hymenoptera: Halictidae: Nomiinae) from Oman.

Two new species are described in the genus Pseudapis: P. kuhlmanni Pauly & Monks, and P. lisetae Pauly & Monks, both from Oman.

Biodiversity of hymenopteran parasitoids.

Parasitoid wasps are the most successful group of insect parasitoids, comprising more than half the known diversity of Hymenoptera and probably most of the unknown diversity. This lifestyle has enabled them to be used as pest control agents conferring substantial economic benefits to global agriculture. Major lineages of parasitoid wasps include Ichneumonoidea, Ceraphronoidea, Proctotrupomorpha, and a number of aculeate families.

Two new species and a new record of the -group (Hymenoptera, Aphelinidae) from Malaysia and China.

Background: The genus Förster, 1878, which is the largest genus of the family Aphelinidae, contains 453 valid species worldwide. Most species of with known biology are primary endoparasitoids of Aleyrodidae and Diaspididae.

New Information: Species of the -group from Malaysia and China are reviewed.

Draft mitogenomes of the invasive ant (Mayr 1855) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae).

We present the draft mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) of two (Mayr 1855) workers from two separate invasive populations detected in Western Australia (Perth OK569858) and Queensland (Brisbane OK5569859), Australia. The draft mitogenomes ranged between 16,657 and 17,090 bp and contained 37 genes (13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNAs (tRNAs), and two ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes). As with other arthropod mitogenomes, we observed high A + T content (A: 39.

Revision of the World Species of Timberlake (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae).

species are important models for basic organismal research, and many are potential biological control agents. We present the first extensive revision of species of the genus based on morphological and molecular data. Our revision includes all previously described species, 6 of which are synonymized, and 22 of which are described here as new.

Effect of Different Constant Temperatures on Life History and Life Table Parameters of Trichogramma euproctidis (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae).

Temperature has a profound effect on performance and behavior of egg parasitoids. Egg parasitoids are a well-known alternative for the control of lepidopterous pests. Selected life history parameters of Trichogramma euproctidis (Girault) (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae), an established egg parasitoid species in Khuzestan- Southwest Iran, were appraised at eight constant temperatures (22.

Review of the genus Calotelea Westwood, 1837 (Platygastroidea: Scelionidae) of India.

The genus Calotelea Westwood, 1837 (Scelionidae) of the Indian region is revised. Fifteen new species of Calotelea - C. andamanensis sp.

Morphology-Based Identification of Bemisia tabaci Cryptic Species Puparia via Embedded Group-Contrast Convolution Neural Network Analysis.

The Bemisia tabaci species complex is a group of tropical-subtropical hemipterans, some species of which have achieved global distribution over the past 150 years. Several species are regarded currently as among the world's most pernicious agricultural pests, causing a variety of damage types via direct feeding and plant-disease transmission. Long considered a single variable species, genetic, molecular and reproductive compatibility analyses have revealed that this "species" is actually a complex of between 24 and 48 morphologically cryptic species.

Integrative taxonomy and phylogeography of Telenomus remus (Scelionidae), with the first record of natural parasitism of Spodoptera spp. in Brazil.

The egg parasitoid Telenomus remus (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) has been investigated for classical and applied biological control of noctuid pests, especially Spodoptera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) species. Although T. remus was introduced into Brazil over three decades ago for classical biological control of S.

A dearth of data: fitting parasitoids into ecological networks.

Studying parasitoids can provide insights into global diversity estimates, climate change impacts, and agroecosystem service provision. However, this potential remains largely untapped due to a lack of data on how parasitoids interact with other organisms. Ecological networks are a useful tool for studying and exploiting the impacts of parasitoids, but their construction is hindered by the magnitude of undescribed parasitoid species, a sparse knowledge of host ranges, and an under-representation of parasitoids within DNA-barcode databases (we estimate <5% have a barcode).

Telenomus nizwaensis (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae), an important egg parasitoid of the pomegranate butterfly Deudorix livia Klug (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) in Oman.

The pomegranate butterfly Deudorix (= Virachola) livia is the major pest of pomegranate, a crop of economic importance, in Oman. A species of parasitoid wasp in the hymenopteran family Scelionidae is responsible for high levels of mortality of its eggs. This wasp is described herein as Telenomus nizwaensis Polaszek sp.

The Pupal Pigmentation Pattern and Pupal Development in the Species of Howard (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae).

Species identification of on the basis of adult morphology is extremely difficult, especially in the group, with several cryptic species. Pupal pigmentation could be used as one of the taxonomic characters for species, and in some instances, pupal pigmentation actually provided the first clue to the distinctness of cryptic species. The present study investigated the full-grown larvae or younger pupae of species, and pupal pigmentation and pupal development were observed and photographed.

Dataset of the next-generation sequencing of variable 16S rRNA from bacteria and ITS2 regions from fungi and plants derived from honeybees kept under anthropogenic landscapes.

Forager honeybees were collected from four localities located in Europe, i.e.: London, UK; Athens, Greece; Marchamalo, Spain and Lublin, Poland.

On species delimitation, hybridization and population structure of cassava whitefly in Africa.

The Bemisia cassava whitefly complex includes species that cause severe crop damage through vectoring cassava viruses in eastern Africa. Currently, this whitefly complex is divided into species and subgroups (SG) based on very limited molecular markers that do not allow clear definition of species and population structure. Based on 14,358 genome-wide SNPs from 62 Bemisia cassava whitefly individuals belonging to sub-Saharan African species (SSA1, SSA2 and SSA4), and using a well-curated mtCOI gene database, we show clear incongruities in previous taxonomic approaches underpinned by effects from pseudogenes.

Amplicon Sequencing of Variable 16S rRNA from Bacteria and ITS2 Regions from Fungi and Plants, Reveals Honeybee Susceptibility to Diseases Results from Their Forage Availability under Anthropogenic Landscapes.

European and Asian honeybees are essential crop pollinators. Microbiome studies can provide complex information on health and fitness of these insects in relation to environmental changes, and plant availability. Amplicon sequencing of variable regions of the 16S rRNA from bacteria and the internally transcribed spacer (ITS) regions from fungi and plants allow identification of the metabiome.

How to escape from insect egg parasitoids: a review of potential factors explaining parasitoid absence across the Insecta.

The egg is the first life stage directly exposed to the environment in oviparous animals, including many vertebrates and most arthropods. Eggs are vulnerable and prone to mortality risks. In arthropods, one of the most common egg mortality factors is attack from parasitoids.

Metaphycus macadamiae (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) - a biological control agent of macadamia felted coccid Acanthococcus ironsidei (Hemiptera: Eriococcidae) in Hawaii.

A new species of encyrtid wasp, Metaphycus macadamiae Polaszek & Noyes sp. n., (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae: Encyrtinae) is described as a solitary endoparasitoid of the invasive macadamia felted coccid, Acanthococcus ironsidei (Hemiptera: Eriococcidae) in Hawaii.

A review of the Indonesian species of the family Signiphoridae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea), with description of three new species.

The Indonesian species of the family Signiphoridae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea) are revised. Three species of are described as new ( Polaszek & Schmidt, , Schmidt & Polaszek, , and Schmidt & Ubaidillah, ) and four species of , viz., Woolley & Dal Molin, Girault, Girault and Ashmead, are diagnosed.