Modulation of stress-related behaviour by preproglucagon neurons and hypothalamic projections to the nucleus of the solitary tract.

Stress-induced behaviours are driven by complex neural circuits and some neuronal populations concurrently modulate diverse behavioural and physiological responses to stress. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)-producing preproglucagon (PPG) neurons within the lower brainstem caudal nucleus of the solitary tract (cNTS) are particularly sensitive to stressful stimuli and are implicated in multiple physiological and behavioural responses to interoceptive and psychogenic threats. However, the afferent inputs driving stress-induced activation of PPG neurons are largely unknown, and the role of PPG neurons in anxiety-like behaviour is controversial.

Horizontal Pendular Nystagmus and Ataxia Secondary to Severe Hypomagnesemia.

Background: Severe hypomagnesemia is an increasingly recognized cause of acute and reversible cerebellar ataxia, often accompanied by cerebellar oculomotor signs such as jerky horizontal or downbeat nystagmus and very rarely ocular flutter.

Phenomenology Shown: This video illustrates horizontal pendular nystagmus in a patient with acute onset cerebellar ataxia associated with severe hypomagnesemia.

Educational Value: Acquired pendular nystagmus can be distinguished from macrosaccadic oscillations and ocular flutter in that the former is composed of two slow phases of equal velocity and the latter of two fast phases of saccadic type with or without intersaccadic interval, respectively.

Decolonially speaking, sensing, and thinking: Racialized tuition-based family therapists learning without teaching.

We address the ethical implications of training and becoming family therapists in the United States when considering the colonial control and management of knowledge by the westernized institutionalized university. We do so decolonially. Through the work of decolonial thinkers, doers, and sensers, we center our discussion on the heteropatriarchal Eurocentric institutionalization of knowledge linked to the development and sustainability of structures of family therapy training through racialization and monetization.

Prospective associations of psychedelic treatment for co-occurring alcohol misuse and posttraumatic stress symptoms among United States Special Operations Forces Veterans.

This study evaluated prospective associations of ibogaine and 5-MeO-DMT treatment for risky alcohol use and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms among United States (US) Special Operations Forces Veterans (SOFV). Data were collected during standard clinical operations at pre-treatment and 1-month (1 m), 3-months (3 m), and 6-months (6 m) post-treatment in an ibogaine and 5-MeO-DMT treatment program in Mexico. Of the 86 SOFV that completed treatment, 45 met criteria for risky alcohol use at pre-treatment (mean age = 44; male = 100%; White = 91%).

Temperature-Dependent Optical Properties of Oxidized Graphenes.

In this study, we investigate how changing important synthesis-related parameters can affect and control the optical characteristics of graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO). These parameters include drying time and reduction time at two different temperatures. We obtain an understanding of their impact on optical transitions, optical bandgap, absorption coefficient, and absorbance spectrum width by analyzing these factors.

Antagonistic effect of cyclin-dependent kinases and a calcium-dependent phosphatase on polyglutamine-expanded androgen receptor toxic gain of function.

Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy is caused by polyglutamine (polyQ) expansions in androgen receptor (AR), generating gain-of-function toxicity that may involve phosphorylation. Using cellular and animal models, we investigated what kinases and phosphatases target polyQ-expanded AR, whether polyQ expansions modify AR phosphorylation, and how this contributes to neurodegeneration. Mass spectrometry showed that polyQ expansions preserve native phosphorylation and increase phosphorylation at conserved sites controlling AR stability and transactivation.

Intravenous lidocaine infusion compared to thoracic epidural analgesia in cytoreductive surgery with or without heated intraperitoneal chemotherapy. A retrospective case-cohort study.

Background: Intravenous (IV) lidocaine is a proven analgesic therapy but has not been evaluated in extensive procedures such as cytoreductive surgery (CRS). Our aim was to assess the effectiveness and safety of IV lidocaine in this setting.

Methods: This is a retrospective hybrid case-cohort study investigating analgesic effectiveness and complications of perioperative IV lidocaine at 1.

A comparison of intervertebral ligament properties utilized in a thoracic spine functional unit through kinematic evaluation.

Ligament properties in the literature are variable, yet scarce, but needed to calibrate computational models for spine clinical research applications. A comparison of ligament stiffness properties and their effect on the kinematic behavior of a thoracic functional spinal unit (FSU) is examined in this paper. Six unique ligament property sets were utilized within a volumetric T7-T8 finite element (FE) model developed using computer-aided design (CAD) spinal geometry.

De novo headache in ischemic stroke patients treated with thrombectomy: a prospective study.

Background And Aim: Headache attributed to intracranial endovascular procedures is described in the ICHD-3. Our aim was to study the frequency and characteristics of headache specifically related to thrombectomy in patients with ischemic stroke.

Methods: Prospective evaluation of clinical features of headache after thrombectomy using an ad hoc questionnaire.

Vitamin B photoreceptors.

Photoreceptor proteins enable living organisms to sense light and transduce this signal into biochemical outputs to elicit appropriate cellular responses. Their light sensing is typically mediated by covalently or noncovalently bound molecules called chromophores, which absorb light of specific wavelengths and modulate protein structure and biological activity. Known photoreceptors have been classified into about ten families based on the chromophore and its associated photosensory domain in the protein.

Coenzyme B -dependent and independent photoregulation of carotenogenesis across Myxococcales.

Light-induced carotenogenesis in Myxococcus xanthus is controlled by the B -based CarH repressor and photoreceptor, and by a separate intricate pathway involving singlet oxygen, the B -independent CarH paralogue CarA and various other proteins, some eukaryotic-like. Whether other myxobacteria conserve these pathways and undergo photoregulated carotenogenesis is unknown. Here, comparative analyses across 27 Myxococcales genomes identified carotenogenic genes, albeit arranged differently, with carH often in their genomic vicinity, in all three Myxococcales suborders.

A 3D adult zebrafish brain atlas (AZBA) for the digital age.

Zebrafish have made significant contributions to our understanding of the vertebrate brain and the neural basis of behavior, earning a place as one of the most widely used model organisms in neuroscience. Their appeal arises from the marriage of low cost, early life transparency, and ease of genetic manipulation with a behavioral repertoire that becomes more sophisticated as animals transition from larvae to adults. To further enhance the use of adult zebrafish, we created the first fully segmented three-dimensional digital adult zebrafish brain atlas (AZBA).

Light-Triggered Carotenogenesis in : New Paradigms in Photosensory Signaling, Transduction and Gene Regulation.

Myxobacteria are Gram-negative δ-proteobacteria found predominantly in terrestrial habitats and often brightly colored due to the biosynthesis of carotenoids. Carotenoids are lipophilic isoprenoid pigments that protect cells from damage and death by quenching highly reactive and toxic oxidative species, like singlet oxygen, generated upon growth under light. The model myxobacterium turns from yellow in the dark to red upon exposure to light because of the photoinduction of carotenoid biosynthesis.

Polyglutamine-Expanded Androgen Receptor Alteration of Skeletal Muscle Homeostasis and Myonuclear Aggregation Are Affected by Sex, Age and Muscle Metabolism.

Polyglutamine (polyQ) expansions in the androgen receptor (AR) gene cause spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA), a neuromuscular disease characterized by lower motor neuron (MN) loss and skeletal muscle atrophy, with an unknown mechanism. We generated new mouse models of SBMA for constitutive and inducible expression of mutant AR and performed biochemical, histological and functional analyses of phenotype. We show that polyQ-expanded AR causes motor dysfunction, premature death, IIb-to-IIa/IIx fiber-type change, glycolytic-to-oxidative fiber-type switching, upregulation of atrogenes and autophagy genes and mitochondrial dysfunction in skeletal muscle, together with signs of muscle denervation at late stage of disease.

Insulin-like growth factor 1 signaling in motor neuron and polyglutamine diseases: From molecular pathogenesis to therapeutic perspectives.

The pleiotropic peptide insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-I) regulates human body homeostasis and cell growth. IGF-I activates two major signaling pathways, namely phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (PKB/Akt) and Ras/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), which contribute to brain development, metabolism and function as well as to neuronal maintenance and survival. In this review, we discuss the general and tissue-specific effects of the IGF-I pathways.

Breastfeeding knowledge and health behavior among Mayan women in rural Guatemala.

Unlabelled: Guatemala has the fourth highest infant mortality rate in Latin America, which makes the support and protection of breastfeeding especially critical. Traditional health-promoting practices like breastfeeding may be protected by increasing knowledge of its benefits. Yet there is a dearth of research documenting breastfeeding knowledge (i.

The huntingtin inclusion is a dynamic phase-separated compartment.

Inclusions of disordered protein are a characteristic feature of most neurodegenerative diseases, including Huntington's disease. Huntington's disease is caused by expansion of a polyglutamine tract in the huntingtin protein; mutant huntingtin protein (mHtt) is unstable and accumulates in large intracellular inclusions both in affected individuals and when expressed in eukaryotic cells. Using mHtt-GFP expressed in , we find that mHtt-GFP inclusions are dynamic, mobile, gel-like structures that concentrate mHtt together with the disaggregase Hsp104.

Phase I study of gene-mediated cytotoxic immunotherapy with AdV-tk as adjuvant to surgery and radiation for pediatric malignant glioma and recurrent ependymoma.

Background: Gene-mediated cytotoxic immunotherapy (GMCI) is a tumor-specific immune stimulatory strategy implemented through local delivery of aglatimagene besadenovec (AdV-tk) followed by anti-herpetic prodrug. GMCI induces T-cell dependent tumor immunity and synergizes with radiotherapy. Clinical trials in adult malignant gliomas demonstrated safety and potential efficacy.

Intensity of Mystical Experiences Occasioned by 5-MeO-DMT and Comparison With a Prior Psilocybin Study.

5-MeO-DMT is a psychoactive substance found in high concentrations in the bufotoxin of the Colorado River Toad (). Emerging evidence suggests that vaporized 5-MeO-DMT may occasion mystical experiences of comparable intensity to those occasioned by more widely studied psychedelics such as psilocybin, but no empirical study has tested this hypothesis. Data was obtained from 20 individuals ( = 38.

Pituitary Adenylyl Cyclase Activating Polypeptide (PACAP) Signaling and the Cell Cycle Machinery in Neurodegenerative Diseases.

Pituitary adenylyl cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a neuropeptide with great neuroprotective effects and remarkable therapeutic potential. PACAP activates several cellular pathways to exert its protective effects. Emerging evidence shows that PACAP can modify the levels and activity of cell cycle components involved in neurodegeneration to protect neurons from death.

A case report SPECT study and theoretical rationale for the sequential administration of ibogaine and 5-MeO-DMT in the treatment of alcohol use disorder.

Ibogaine is a plant-derived alkaloid and dissociative psychedelic that demonstrates anti-addictive properties with several substances of abuse, including alcohol. 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT) is a naturally occurring psychedelic known to occasion potent mystical-type experiences and also demonstrates anti-addictive properties. The potential therapeutic effects of both compounds in treating alcohol use disorder require further investigation and there are no published human neuroimaging findings of either treatment to date.

Subjective effectiveness of ibogaine treatment for problematic opioid consumption: Short- and long-term outcomes and current psychological functioning.

Background And Aims: Very few studies have reported the effectiveness of ibogaine as a treatment for chronic opioid use. Therefore, this study evaluated the acute subjective effects of ibogaine, outcomes on problematic opioid consumption, and the long-term associations with psychological functioning.

Methods: Using online data collection, 88 patients who received ibogaine treatment in Mexico between 2012 and 2015 completed our survey.

Plasticity in oligomerization, operator architecture, and DNA binding in the mode of action of a bacterial B-based photoreceptor.

Newly discovered bacterial photoreceptors called CarH sense light by using 5'-deoxyadenosylcobalamin (AdoCbl). They repress their own expression and that of genes for carotenoid synthesis by binding in the dark to operator DNA as AdoCbl-bound tetramers, whose light-induced disassembly relieves repression. High-resolution structures of CarH have provided snapshots of the dark and light states and have revealed a unique DNA-binding mode whereby only three of four DNA-binding domains contact an operator comprising three tandem direct repeats.

A Mixed-Method Analysis of Persisting Effects Associated with Positive Outcomes Following Ibogaine Detoxification.

We examined persisting effects, self-perceived challenges, and potential benefits associated with positive outcomes following ibogaine detoxification using data collected as part of a larger online retrospective study of 73 patients who received treatment for chronic opioid use in Mexico between 2012 and 2015. A mixed-methods design was used comparing treatment responders versus non-responders, as well as content coding of themes from open-ended questions. Most participants reported positive persisting effects of ibogaine detoxification (e.