Adsorption and release pattern of recombinant human bone morphogenic proatin 2 onto different bone grafts and its consequent osteoblasts` activation and neutrophils` priming.

Objectives: Controlled long-term delivery of recombinant human bone morphogenic proatin 2 (rhBMP2) eluted in a collagen scaffolds suffer from only a high initial burst release. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the long-term delivery of rhBMP2 when mixed with different bone grafts and its impact on osteoblastic activity and neutrophil priming.

Methods: rhBMP2 was separately mixed with xenograft, allograft, or alloplast and incubated for 30 days.

Is there an association between salivary immune and microbial profile with dental health in systematically healthy children?

Objective: This study aimed to characterize the inflammatory profile of systemically healthy children's saliva and its association with clinical diagnoses of caries and gingival inflammation.

Materials And Methods: Unstimulated saliva was collected from 100 children before clinical dental examinations. The saliva samples were analyzed for total protein and specific inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, IL-8, IL-6, and TNFα) with Bradford and ELISA assays, respectively.

Development and Application of Reversible and Irreversible Covalent Probes for Human and Mouse Cathepsin-K Activity Detection, Revealing Nuclear Activity.

Cathepsin-K (CTSK) is an osteoclast-secreted cysteine protease that efficiently cleaves extracellular matrices and promotes bone homeostasis and remodeling, making it an excellent therapeutic target. Detection of CTSK activity in complex biological samples using tailored tools such as activity-based probes (ABPs) will aid tremendously in drug development. Here, potent and selective CTSK probes are designed and created, comparing irreversible and reversible covalent ABPs with improved recognition components and electrophiles.

Elimination of E. faecalis with NaOCl versus chlorhexidine gluconate from primary molar root canal systems: an ex vivo model study.

Objectives: This ex vivo human study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of NaOCl and chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) irrigations in eliminating Enterococcus faecalis from the RCS of primary molars.

Materials And Methods: Disinfected extracted primary molars were inoculated with E. faecalis for 24 h.

Sustainability and Release Pattern of Growth Factors from Bone Grafts Prepared with Platelet-Rich Fibrin.

Background: Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) is used to prepare "sticky bone" by combining it with bone graft material. The present study investigated the ability of different bone grafts to absorb growth factors from the PRF and release them over time.

Materials And Methods: Human blood was collected from 10 healthy volunteers for liquid PRF preparation.

Mechanical force application and inflammation induce osteoclastogenesis by independent pathways.

Objective: To investigate the functional changes of PDL fibroblasts in the presence of mechanical force, inflammation, or a combination of force and inflammation.

Materials And Methods: Inflammatory supernatants were prepared by inoculating human neutrophils with Porphyromonas gingivalis. Primary human PDL fibroblasts (PDLF), gingival fibroblasts (GFs), and osteoblasts (Saos2) were then exposed to the inflammatory supernatants.

Neutrophils modulate natural killer-mediated osteoclastogenesis during (JP2 clone) infection.

The study investigates the interplay of neutrophils and natural-killer cells (NK) in mediating osseoresorption during infection of molar-incisor-pattern-periodontitis (MIPP). Human neutrophils from periodontally healthy and MIPP patients were inoculated with the periopathogen (JP2) and their supernatants were exposed to NK to study their function and osteoclastogenesis promotion. A mouse MIPP model was used to compare disease progression following NK versus neutrophils depletion.

Macrophages polarize to the pro-inflammatory phenotype and delay neutrophil efferocytosis to augment Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitance JP2 clearance.

Objective: The study examines how neutrophils cross-talk with macrophages during JP2 Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitance infection and factors that are involved in inflammatory resolution and efferocytosis.

Background: Although sub-gingival bacteria constitute the primary initiating factor in the pathogenesis of molar-incisor pattern periodontitis (MIPP), the non-resolved host response has a major role in tissue destruction. While evidence links neutrophils to MIPP pathogenesis, their clearance during inflammatory resolution, governed by macrophages, is poorly understood.

Resolvin D1 improves allograft osteointegration and directly enhances osteoblasts differentiation.

Introduction: Allografts are the most common bone grafts for repairing osseous defects. However, their use is associated with an increased risk for infections, donor disease transmission and osteointegration deficiency. Resolvin D1 (RvD1) is an endogenous lipid with a scientifically proven pivotal role in inflammation resolution and osteoclastogenesis inhibition.

Biofilm formation, its removal, and consequent effect on the osteoblast response to titanium surfaces: A model for re-osseointegration.

Background: The aim of the study was to characterize pathogenic biofilm formation on titanium surfaces, the ability to remove the biofilm and the osteoblast response to infected and cleaned titanium surfaces as a model for re-osseointegration.

Methods: Multispecies biofilm composed of Pseudomonas. gingivalis, F.

Resolvin D1 shows osseous-protection RANK reduction on monocytes during orthodontic tooth movement.

The study aimed to investigate the role of RvD1 in acute and prolonged sterile inflammation and bone remodeling. A mouse model of sterile inflammation that involves bone resorption was used to examine endogenous RvD1 kinetics during inflammation. Application of exogenous RvD1 significantly inhibited bone remodeling osteoclast reduction, alongside an anti-inflammatory secretome shift, increased macrophages recruitment and reduction of T-cytotoxic cells.

Tranexamic acid integrated into platelet-rich fibrin produces a robust and resilient antihemorrhagic biological agent: a human cohort study.

Objective: To investigate the incorporation of the antifibrinolytic agent tranexamic acid (TA) during platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) formation to produce a robust fibrin agent with procoagulation properties.

Study Design: Blood from healthy volunteers was collected. Into 3 tubes, TA was immediately added in 1-mL, 0.

CD18 Mediates Neutrophil Imperviousness to the JP2 Clone in Molar-Incisor Pattern Periodontitis.

Introduction: Molar-incisor pattern periodontitis (MIPP) in the absence of significant local risk factors or systemic disease, is a rare, early onset periodontal disease phenotype, with 0.5% to 2.5% global prevalence.

Antimicrobial evaluation of polytetrafluoroethylene used as part of temporary restorations: An ex vivo study.

The use of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) tape as the base layer of temporary restorations had gained popularity mainly due to the ease of manipulation. The aim of this study was to assess whether this method changes the potential for bacterial growth and leakage of temporary restorations. The direct contact test and live/dead fluorescent staining were used for comparing Enterococcus faecalis growth and biofilm formation on PTFE, composite, intermediate restorative material (IRM) and Coltosol F.

Overcoming resistance to EGFR monotherapy in HNSCC by identification and inhibition of individualized cancer processes.

Therapeutic strategies for advanced head and neck squamous carcinoma (HNSCC) consist of multimodal treatment, including Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) inhibition, immune-checkpoint inhibition, and radio (chemo) therapy. Although over 90% of HNSCC tumors overexpress EGFR, attempts to replace cytotoxic treatments with anti-EGFR agents have failed due to alternative signaling pathways and inter-tumor heterogeneity. Using protein expression data obtained from hundreds of HNSCC tissues and cell lines we compute individualized signaling signatures using an information-theoretic approach.

The in vitro efficacy of biofilm removal from titanium surfaces using Er:YAG laser: Comparison of treatment protocols and ablation parameters.

Background: The aims of the present study were to compare the antibacterial effect of Er:YAG laser with other acceptable decontamination methods and to single out the optimal laser device parameters for effective bacterial elimination.

Methods: A multispecies biofilm which was composed of Streptococcus sanguis, Actinomyces naeslundii, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Fusobacterium nucleatum was grown on sandblasted and acid-etched (SLA, homogeneous moderately microrough, and nanosmooth surface) titanium disks. The biofilm was removed from the coated disks by hand curets, ultrasonic device, nylon brush (dental polishing prophy cup), or Er:YAG.

Enterococcus faecalis sustained infection induces macrophage pro-resolution polarization.

Aim: To investigate macrophage function in the presence of sustained infection with Enterococcus faecalis, a prevalent root canal resident in asymptomatic apical periodontitis.

Methodology: The human monocyte cell line (THP-1) was differentiated into macrophages by exposure to phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), and the cultures were inoculated with E. faecalis for up to 48 h.

Salivary inflammatory cytokines echo the low inflammatory burden in liver-transplanted children.

Objectives: The aims of this study were to compare the salivary cytokine profile, as a potential replacement for blood tests, in liver-transplanted children to that of a control group of healthy children, and to correlate the values of commonly tested laboratory blood tests to those of published blood values.

Methods: Liver-transplanted children, and a control group of healthy children of the same sex and age distribution, were recruited for the study. Saliva was collected at the same appointment for routine blood tests for the liver-transplanted children.

Salivary Cytokines in Children with Nephrotic Syndrome versus Healthy Children: A Comparative Study.

Background: The aims of this study were to compare salivary cytokines and total protein between children with nephrotic syndrome (NS) and healthy children, and to examine whether saliva parameters can differentiate between steroid sensitivity and resistance and between disease remission and relapse.

Methods: Twenty-seven children with nephrotic syndrome were classified according to steroid sensitivity and resistance, and disease remission and relapse. Twenty healthy children served as controls.

Immunorthodontics: in vivo gene expression of orthodontic tooth movement.

Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) is a "sterile" inflammatory process. The present study aimed to reveal the underlying biological mechanisms, by studying the force associated-gene expression changes, in a time-dependent manner. Ni-Ti springs were set to move the upper 1-molar in C57BL/6 mice.

The efficacy of pocket elimination/reduction compared to access flap surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Aim: To assess the efficacy and adverse effects of resective surgery compared to access flap in patients with periodontitis.

Methods: Randomized controlled trials with a follow-up ≥6 months were identified in ten databases. Screening, data extraction, and quality assessment were conducted by two reviewers.

The impact of alloplast and allograft on bone homeostasis: Orthodontic tooth movement into regenerated bone.

Background: The aim of the study is to examine bone healing following augmentation with allograft or β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) and evaluate orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) into the augmented sites.

Methods: The study included two parts. Part I included the alveolar bone regeneration model.

Killing mechanism of bacteria within multi-species biofilm by blue light.

: The aim of the study was to characterize the immediate and delayed effects of non-coherent blue-light treatment on the composition and viability of an biofilm composed of anaerobic multispecies, as well as the mechanisms involved. : A multispecies biofilm was constructed of and , test groups were exposed to blue light. The multispecies biofilm was explored with a newly developed method based on flow cytometry and confocal microscopy.

Development of In-Browser Simulators for Medical Education: Introduction of a Novel Software Toolchain.

Background: Simulators used in teaching are interactive applications comprising a mathematical model of the system under study and a graphical user interface (GUI) that allows the user to control the model inputs and visualize the model results in an intuitive and educational way. Well-designed simulators promote active learning, enhance problem-solving skills, and encourage collaboration and small group discussion. However, creating simulators for teaching purposes is a challenging process that requires many contributors including educators, modelers, graphic designers, and programmers.