Synthesis of fully functionalized spirostanic 1,2,3-triazoles by the three component reaction of diosgenin azides with acetophenones and aryl aldehydes and their biological evaluation as antiproliferative agents.

Diosgenin is of significant interest due to its biological activity and synthetic application. In this study, we report the synthesis of a series of spirostanic 1,4,5-trisubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles by the three component reaction of (25R)-6-azidospirostan-3,5-diols with acetophenones and aryl aldehydes. The one-pot two step synthesis proceeds through the in situ formation of (E)-chalcones and copper catalyzed reaction with organic azides in DMF medium.

1-Hydroxyanthraquinones Containing Aryl Substituents as Potent and Selective Anticancer Agents.

A series of 1,2-, 1,4-disubstituted or 1,2,4-trisubstituted anthraquinone-based compounds was designed, synthesized, characterized and biologically evaluated for anticancer efficacy. 2- or 4-arylated 1-hydroxy-9,10-antraquinones (anthracene-9,10-diones) were prepared by Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction of 1-hydroxy-2-bromoanthraquinone, 1-hydroxy-4-iodoanthraquinone or 1-hydroxy-2,4-dibromoanthraquinone with arylboronic acids. The cross-coupling reaction of 2,4-dibromo-9,10-anthraquinone with arylboronic acids provide a convenient approach to 2,4-bis arylated 1-hydroxyanthraquinones with a variety of aryl substituent in the 2 and 4 position.

Chromones and coumarins from Saposhnikovia divaricata (Turcz.) Schischk. Growing in Buryatia and Mongolia and their cytotoxicity.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Saposhnikovia divaricata (family Apiaceae) a traditional medicinal plant distributed in many provinces of China, is well known for the pharmaceutical value and has been used for rheumatic arthritis, and anxiety in children. Antiviral, antioxidant and antiproliferative activities were also mentioned. The application of this plant are recorded in the Chinese Medicine (CM) classical text the Shen Nong's Materia Medica (Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing).

[Modern trends in development of surgical and endovascular treatment of patients with arterial pathology].

The last decade has seen distinct dynamics of the worldwide growth of the number of endovascular interventions and a decrease in the number of 'open' surgical operations for pathology of the aorta and peripheral arteries. The world trends of treatment of patients presenting with pathology of the aorta and peripheral arteries are indicative of a steadily growing amount of operations, most of which are performed in an endovascular manner. In the Russian Federation, the past decade has also witnessed a noticeable jump of the amounts of endovascular interventions.

6-(4'-Aryl-1',2',3'-triazolyl)-spirostan-3,5-diols and 6-(4'-Aryl-1',2',3'-triazolyl)-7-hydroxyspirosta-1,4-dien-3-ones: Synthesis and analysis of their cytotoxicity.

In an endeavour to develop potent anti-tumor agents from diosgenin, a series of C-6 derived 1,2,3-triazolyl derivatives were designed and synthesized by employing Cu(I) catalyzed Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction of novel azides - (22R,25R)-6β-azidospirostan-3β,5α-diol and 6β-azido-7α-hydroxyspirosta-1,4-dien-3-one with aryl(hetaryl)alkynes. All the derivatives were evaluated for cytotoxic activity by MTT assay against eight different human cancer cell lines: T-cellular leucosis (CEM-13), human monocytes (U-937), breast (MDA-MB-231, BT-474), prostate (DU-145) and glioblastoma (U-87MG, SNB-19, T98G). The results of this study suggested that 6-(4'-aryl-1',2',3'-triazolyl)spirostan-3,5-diols 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 possessed a promising cytotoxic potential.

[Results of endovascular treatment of obstructive lesions of veins of the iliofemoral segment].

Objective: The purpose of the study was to assess the immediate and remote results of endovascular treatment of obstructive lesions of the veins of the iliofemoral segment.

Patients And Methods: We performed balloon angioplasty and stenting for iliofemoral venous thrombosis in a total of 75 patients. Of these, 60 patients were subjected to stenting of post-thrombotic obstructions and 15 patients underwent stenting of non-thrombotic obstructive lesions of the iliac veins (for May-Thurner syndrome - in 11, for extravasal tumour-induced compression and cicatricial stenosis - in 4).

[Hybrid approach to treatment of a patient with a thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm].

Described in the article is a clinical case report concerning staged management of a patient presenting with a thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm. The first stage consisted in complete lower debranching with prosthetic repair of all visceral arteries and the right renal artery. The second stage was endovascular repair of the aortic aneurysm.

[Assessment of endothelial dysfunction for prevention of complications in patients with lesions of peripheral arteries].

Background: Severity of endothelial dysfunction and impairments of the vasomotor function of arteries correlate with the degree of the development of atherosclerosis and the risk of cardiovascular complications. To date, poorly studied still remains the problem concerning alteration of the regulatory function of the endothelium in patients diagnosed with pronounced atherosclerotic lesions of peripheral arteries, as well as the impact of a surgical intervention on indices of endothelial dysfunction.

Patients And Methods: Presented in the article are the results of preoperative study of the endothelial function by means of peripheral arterial tonometry (PAT) using the Endo PATTM 2000 device (Itamar Medical Ltd.

Comparative Study of Fusogenic Activity of H1 and H5 Subtypes Influenza Virus Hemagglutinins.

Influenza virus hemagglutinins are surface proteins responsible for fusion of the viral and cellular membranes. Their capacity to mediate membrane fusion (fusogenic activity) is studied by various methods, including the syncytium formation and pseudovirus transduction methods. We constructed plasmids coding for genes of three H1 and one H5 hemagglutinins and compared their fusogenic activities.

[Open thrombectomy in acute iliofemoral venous thrombosis].

Aim: The study was aimed at assessing efficacy of open thrombectomy in acute iliofemoral venous thrombosis.

Patients And Methods: From January 2012 to December 2016, a total of 37 patients underwent transfemoral thrombectomy for acute iliofemoral venous thrombosis. The Control Group consisted of 24 patients receiving standard anticoagulant therapy.

[Use of an ex vivo technique in a patient with renal arteriovenous malformation in complication endovascular treatment].

Renal arteriovenous malformation is a rarely encountered disease characterized by the presence of a direct arteriovenous shunt between the renal artery and vein. This nosology was first described by Varela in 1928, and by 1997 the number of such cases amounted to slightly more than 200. Endovascular closure of a fistula seems to be an attractive method of treatment in view of low traumaticity and a short period of rehabilitation.

[First experience with hybrid operations for chronic obstruction of iliac-femoral segment veins in patients with post-thrombotic disease].

The present study was aimed at assessing initial results of hybrid operations in obstructive lesions of the iliac-femoral veins in patients with post-thrombotic disease (PTD). Hybrid operations [open endovenectomy from the common femoral vein (CFV) with creation of an arteriovenous fistula + stenting of iliac veins] were performed carried out in a total of eleven patients with PTD. Of these, there were 7 men and 4 women aged from 34 to 52 years (mean age - 42.

[Use of self-expandable stent grafts in aneurysms of internal carotid arteries].

Open surgical intervention is an operation of choice in lesions of coronary arteries. In some cases, however, performing reconstructive surgery is either impossible or associated with high risk of both intra- and postoperative complications. In such cases it is possible to perform an endovascular intervention, including endoprosthetic repair.

[Experience with the ovations stent graft system for totally percutaneous endovascular repair of the infrarenal portion of the abdominal aorta].

Presented in the article are clinical cases of successful totally percutaneous endovascular repair of the infrarenal portion of the abdominal aorta using the Ovation Prime ultra-low profile stent graft in high-surgical-risk patients, yielding good immediate and short-term results, thus demonstrating new possibilities in endovascular treatment of aneurysms of the infrarenal portion of the abdominal aorta.

[THE SPIRIT CHOLESTEROL, BIOLOGICA L ROLE AT STAGES OF PHYLOGENESIS, MECHANISMS OF INHIBITION OF SYNTHESIS OF STEROL BY STATINS, FACTORS OF PHARMACOGENOMICS AND DIAGNOSTIC SIGNIFICANCE OF CHOLESTEROL OF LIPOPROTEINS OF LOW DENSITY].

The hypolipidemic effect of statins is realized by inhibition of synthesis of local pool of cholesterol spirit in endoplasmic net of hepatocytes. The cholesterol spirit covers all hydrophobic medium of triglycerides with polar mono layer of phosphatidylcholines and cholesterol spirit prior to secretion of lipoproteins of very low density into hydrophilic medium. The lesser mono layer between lipase enzyme and triglycerides substrate contains of cholesterol spirit the higher are the parameters of hydrolysis of palmitic and oleic lipoproteins of very low density.

[Analysis of remote results of eversion carotid endarterectomy].

Analysed herein are remote results of surgical management of patients presenting with atherosclerotic stenoses of carotid arteries by means of eversion carotid endarterectomy. Over the period from 2002 to 2007 specialists of the Department of Vascular Surgery of the Institute of Surgery named after A.V.

[Selected pages of history of vascular surgery in Russia (contribution of Russian surgeons to world vascular surgery)].

The article describes the most significant for Russian surgery personalities, facts, and events of the last 180years. An emphasis is placed upon those works, discoveries or operations made by Russians for the first timein the world's practice. To such we refer N.

[Results of using composite bypass grafts with infragenicular distal anastomosis].

The authors share herein their experience with composite bypass grafts and PTFE synthetic prostheses used for treatment of obliterating diseases of the infrainguinal-segment arteries. The data of the study were based on the outcomes obtained in 92 patients. The authors assessed the condition of the outflow pathways and their effect on patency of composite bypass grafts in the immediate and remote postoperative periods, followed by comparative analysis of the short- and long-term therapeutic outcomes after using composite bypass grafts and PTFE synthetic prostheses in the infragenicular position for femoropopliteal and femorotibial reconstructions, also assessing the effect of the localization of the distal anastomosis on the immediate and remote therapeutic outcomes.

[Restoration of valvular function of deep veins in lower-limb varicose disease].

The present work was based on analysing the results of a complex examination and surgical treatment of 16-to-78-year-old patients presenting with varicose disease during the period from 2006 to 2010. A total of 1,095 limbs were examined and operated on in 1,070 patients. Of these, 298 (29.

[Conservative treatment of patients with intermittent claudication].

The article deals with the analysis of the results of randomized placebo-controlled studies of various therapeutic agents currently available in Russia, as well as the results of meta-analyses and Cochrane reviews of medicamentous treatment of patients with intermittent claudication. The results of these studies gave grounds to recommend the most efficient agents in the new edition of the "National Guidelines on management of patients with lower-limb arterial disease" (2013).

[Antitumor activity of dihydrobetulonic acid amides in vitro and in vivo].

Amides with homopiperidinic and piperazinic cycles were synthesized from dihydrobetulonic acid which was obtained by dihydrobetulin oxidation. All substances have shown high antitumor activity (CCID50 3.5-36.

[Synthetic transformations of higher terpenoids. XXX. Synthesis and cytotoxic activity of betulonic acid amides with a piperidine or pyrrolidine nitroxide moiety].

The reaction of betulonic acid chloride with 4-amino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpeperidine-1-oxyl, 3-amino-2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrrolidine-1-oxyl and 3-aminomethyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrrolidine-1-oxyl gave corresponding triterpenoid amides. It was found that new derivatives exhibit cytotoxic activity against tumor cells CEM-13, U-937, MT-4. CCID50 value for most activity compound--N-[3-oxolup-20(29)-en-30-yl]-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-4-yl)-1-oxyl--was 5.

[Administration of the generic prostaglandin E1 VAP 20® in patients with lower limb critical ischaemia: a prospective study].

Objective: The study was aimed at assessing efficacy and safety of administering the generic alprostadil VAP in patients presenting with lower limb critical ischaemia.

Material And Methods: We carried out a prospective study including a total of 30 patients with lower limb critical ischaemia. The patients' mean age was 67.

[Penetrating atherosclerotic ulcers of the aorta].

Widespread use of various present-day visual methods of study has made it possible to increase the frequency of revealing penetrating atherosclerotic ulcers, known to be ulcerations of an atherosclerotic plaque thorough the intimal elastic lamina into the medial layer of the aortic wall. The review deals with the literature data regarding the clinical picture, pathogenesis, diagnosis, policy of management and treatment of complications of penetrating atherosclerotic ulcers. The problem concerning the choice between surgical and endovascular treatment of penetrating atherosclerotic ulcers has been elucidated insufficiently in the present-day literature.

Does the method of carotid reconstruction influence the outcomes of the intervention?

Aim: to carry out comparative assessment of the immediate outcomes of eversion carotid endarterectomy, classical carotid endarterectomy and prosthetic repair of the internal carotid artery in atherosclerotic-genesis stenoses thereof.

Material And Methods: the study was based on a retrospective analysis of the immediate results of 630 isolated primary open interventions on the bifurcation of the common carotid artery in atherosclerosis, performed at the Department of Vascular Surgery of the A.V.