Epidemiological investigation of a cholera outbreak in Nepal-India border communities: Public health implications.

Objectives: On October 4, 2021, a cholera outbreak was reported in Kapilvastu District, one of Nepal's 26 districts bordering India. This study examined the outbreak's characteristics, response efforts, and the challenges faced.

Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional design was applied for the outbreak investigation.

Kamchatka (southeastern Siberia) ice core records of dicarboxylic acids, oxocarboxylic acids and α-dicarbonyls since 1690s: A signal for the tropospheric oxidizing capacity.

There has been much interest about how to identify an ice core signal for oxidizing capacity of the troposphere. This study broadly explains the air-snow transfer/deposition process using ice core records of dicarboxylic (DCAs), ω-oxocarboxylic as well as pyruvic acids and α-dicarbonyls, which are potentially formed by atmospheric oxidation of aromatic hydrocarbons from the continent, incloud-oxidation of isoprene and unsaturated fatty acids from the western North Pacific. An ice core (~152 m long, 304 years) was collected at an ice cap on the Gorshkov crater at the summit of Ushkovsky (56° 04'N, 160° 28'E, altitude: 3903 m) in the Kamchatka Peninsula from southeastern Siberia.

Precipitate, preterm labor in acute organophosphate poisoning in pregnancy: a case report.

Introduction: Acute organophosphorus poisoning (AOPP) during pregnancy is uncommon. When complicated by preterm labor, it presents therapeutic dilemmas due to the lack of established guidelines.

Case Presentation: The authors describe a case of a 19-year-old primigravida at 33 weeks of gestation with AOPP.

Olaparib induced aplastic anemia in a patient with castrate resistant prostate cancer: A case report.

Olaparib is (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor (PARPi), which stops the repair of single-stranded DNA breaks. This leads to the death of cancer cells with BRCA1/BRCA2 mutations or homologous recombination deficiency. Since being approved by the FDA in 2023 for treating castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), there have been some reports of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute leukemia linked to PARP inhibitor use for ovarian, breast, pancreatic and breast cancers, there have been no reports of aplastic anemia after receiving PARPi therapy.

Use of a transcervical approach to retrieve a foreign body from the upper esophagus.

Foreign bodies such as bone with a sharp end can penetrate the esophageal wall and lie extramurally. When a foreign body is not found on rigid oesophagoscopy, reassessing with imaging is important. The transcervical approach is a better alternative for such patients to remove the foreign bodies.

Racial disparities in the incidence and survival outcomes in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in adolescents and young adults.

Diffuse large B-cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) is an aggressive subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). The disease generally occurs in older patients. Although at a lower prevalence, the disease also occurs in the adolescent and young adult group (AYA).

Multispecies bacterial invasion of human host cells.

Urinary tract infection (UTI), one of the most common bacterial infections worldwide, is a typical example of an infection that is often polymicrobial in nature. While the overall infection course is known on a macroscale, bacterial behavior is not fully understood at the cellular level and bacterial pathophysiology during multispecies infection is not well characterized. Here, using clinically relevant bacteria, human epithelial bladder cells and human urine, we establish co-infection models combined with high resolution imaging to compare single- and multi-species bladder cell invasion events in three common uropathogens: uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC), Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterococcus faecalis.

Evaluation of the Genetic Diversity, Haplotype, and Virulence of f. sp. Field Isolates from Alabama.

The United States is the third largest producer of cotton and the largest exporter of cotton globally. Fusarium wilt, caused by the soilborne fungal pathogen f. sp.

Unveiling the Chameleon: A Case Report on Acute Intermittent Porphyria.

Acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) is a rare autosomal dominant metabolic disorder with low penetrance, often presenting with a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations. Acute neurovisceral attacks commonly occur in young women, mimicking signs and symptoms of other medical and psychiatric conditions, thus delaying the diagnosis. We present the case of an 18-year-old female college student with recurrent hospitalizations for intractable abdominal pain, now again with pain and new subjective hematuria.

Assessing the economic and energy use efficiencies of hybrid and inbred rice varieties through omission-plot technique in Lamjung, Nepal.

Agricultural productivity relies upon energy input in the form of improved seeds, fertilizers, chemicals, irrigation and mechanization including management practices. This energy input is crucial for enhancing crop yields and meeting the demands of an ever-growing population. The increasing demand for rice production from an ever-increasing population and the dwindling nature of natural resources as a result of their continuous and excessive use underscore the urgency of studying energy use efficiency and sustainability in rice production.

The 3' UTR of vigR is required for virulence in Staphylococcus aureus and has expanded through STAR sequence repeat insertions.

Infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are alarmingly common, and treatment is confined to last-line antibiotics. Vancomycin is the treatment of choice for MRSA bacteremia, and treatment failure is often associated with vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus isolates.

Unveiling Ureaplasma: A Case Report of a Rare Culprit in Pyelonephritis.

species, typically considered commensal organisms of the human urogenital tract, have been implicated in various urinary tract infections (UTIs), including the rare and challenging presentation of pyelonephritis. This case report describes a unique instance of pyelonephritis induced by , characterized by a negative routine urine culture and a lack of response to empirical antibiotic treatment, highlighting the complexities associated with diagnosing and managing infections caused by atypical pathogens. A 50-year-old female presented to the emergency department with symptoms suggestive of UTI, including fever, vomiting, and dysuria.

Paraneoplastic movement disorder due to suspected metastatic Leiomyosarcoma of tongue: A case report.

Paraneoplastic movement disorders, though rare, can be the initial symptoms of malignancies like leiomyosarcoma, as in our case. Clinicians should keep malignancies in their differential diagnosis in cases of unexplained movement abnormalities.

Poor Quality of Sleep among Healthcare Workers in a Tertiary Care Centre.

Introduction: Health personnel work under highly stressful conditions with long work hours, frequent night work, and shift duties resulting in sleep problems. Sleep problems lead to a decline in performance, cognition, memory, decision-making, medical errors and mental disorders. The study aimed to find out the prevalence of poor quality of sleep among healthcare workers in a tertiary care centre.

Use of the subfascial plane in debulking an extensive lower extremity plexiform neurofibroma: A case report.

Introduction: Plexiform neurofibromas (PNs) are characterized by their diffuse masses with tortuous expansion along nerve branches. While surgery is the primary management for PNs, the optimal surgical approach remains unestablished.

Case Presentation: A 35-year-old lady presented with a large hanging mass covering the medial aspect of the thigh and the leg.

Remarkable Recovery in a Patient with Lethal Dose Paraquat Poisoning: A Case Report.

Unlabelled: Paraquat emerges as a formidable medical dilemma in Southeast Asia, its toxic effects attributed to the generation of free radicals and oxidative stress, with a specific predilection for diverse tissues, most notably the lungs. The scarcity of effective treatment modalities in resource-constrained settings magnifies the magnitude of the paraquat poisoning predicament. This report outlines the successful management of a 25-year-old man who ingested a lethal dose of paraquat.

Miller-Fisher Syndrome Unveiled in the Presence of Cholangiocarcinoma.

Miller-Fisher syndrome (MFS) is a rare variant of Guillain-Barré syndrome, characterized by ataxia, areflexia, ophthalmoplegia, and possible facial, swallowing and limb weakness alongside respiratory failure. Variations within MFS may include respiratory and limb weakness and Bickerstaff brainstem encephalitis (BBE), marked by altered consciousness, ataxia, ophthalmoparesis, and paradoxical hyperreflexia. MFS can emerge in both children and adults, often following bacterial or viral illness.

Recurrent Left Renal Fossa Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma With Pancreatic Tail Invasion Presenting as Intestinal Obstruction.

Distant renal cell carcinoma (RCC) metastatic disease is mostly seen in the lungs, bones, and lymph nodes. The incidence of local recurrences within the ipsilateral retroperitoneum (RFR) is very low. We report a case of a 79-year-old male with recurrent left renal fossa RCC with pancreatic tail invasion who presented with large bowel obstruction.

Capillary Hemangioma of the Maxillary Sinus: A Rare Cause of Massive Life-Threatening Epistaxis.

Unlabelled: Hemangioma of the paranasal sinus is an infrequent condition. Two types of hemangioma are present at the nose; cavernous and capillary. Capillary hemangioma is rare in the sinonasal tract.

Characteristics of fine particles from incense burning at temple premises of Kathmandu Valley, Nepal.

The impact of incense burning on ambient air quality was investigated by measuring the concentrations of fine particles (PM), elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC), and their oxidative potential (OP) at three temple premises in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal. These temples, namely, Bajrabarahi, Bagalamukhi, and Bhadrakali, are located in three distinct environments: forest, residential, and roadside, respectively. During the incense burning event days, the PM concentration at Bhadrakali (431.

Systematic analyses identify modes of action of ten clinically relevant biocides and antibiotic antagonism in Acinetobacter baumannii.

Concerns exist that widespread use of antiseptic or disinfectant biocides could contribute to the emergence and spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria. To investigate this, we performed transposon-directed insertion-site sequencing (TraDIS) on the multidrug-resistant pathogen, Acinetobacter baumannii, exposed to a panel of ten structurally diverse and clinically relevant biocides. Multiple gene targets encoding cell envelope or cytoplasmic proteins involved in processes including fatty acid biogenesis, multidrug efflux, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, cell respiration and cell division, were identified to have effects on bacterial fitness upon biocide exposure, suggesting that these compounds may have intracellular targets in addition to their known effects on the cell envelope.