Radar reflector guidance system in breast surgery: A single-institution feasibility study.

Mammography breast cancer screening programs and continuing improvements in early diagnosis of the disease have led to more frequent detection of nonpalpable breast lesions. The commonly used technique in guiding the surgical removal of these lesions is hook wire-guided localization (WGL). However, the WGL procedure has been criticized for the last years.

Mammary myofibroblastoma: Presentation of case.

Introduction And Importance: Mammary myofibroblastoma (MFB) is a rare benign mesenchymal lesion. It belongs to the family of benign spindle cell tumours of the mammary stroma and may exhibit confusing variants. Some of them may mimic invasive tumours, leading to the diagnostic dilemmas, especially in core needle biopsy specimens or frozen sections.

Carbonic Anhydrase IX in Tumor Tissue and Plasma of Breast Cancer Patients: Reliable Biomarker of Hypoxia and Prognosis.

Carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX) is recognized as an excellent marker of hypoxia and an adverse prognostic factor in solid tumors, including breast cancer (BC). Clinical studies confirm that soluble CA IX (sCA IX), shed into body fluids, predicts the response to some therapeutics. However, CA IX is not included in clinical practice guidelines, possibly due to a lack of validated diagnostic tools.

Intraoperative evaluation of metastases in sentinel nodes through one-step nucleic acid amplification: Initial experience in a single institution.

The objective of this study was to gain our initial experience in one-step nucleic acid amplification (OSNA) for detecting sentinel lymph node (SLN) metastasis as compared to standard pathological staging in patients with breast cancer. Fifteen patients with preoperatively confirmed early breast cancer eligible for breast‑saving therapy and sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) were enrolled in the study. Lymphatic mapping and SLNs detection were performed through the magnetic method.

Expression of COX-2, p16, and Ki67 in the range from normal breast tissue to breast cancer.

The increasing number of diagnosed breast lesions lead to the critical need for new markers that would elucidate the process of tumorigenesis. The objective of the study was to examine COX-2, p16, and Ki67 expression in a broad spectrum of breast lesions in order to define the proteins' phenotype throughout the tumorigenesis. Expression was studied by immunohistochemistry in 308 human breast samples divided into 7 subgroups - flat epithelial atypia (FEA), atypical hyperplasia (ADH), intraductal carcinoma (DCIS), invasive cancer (IC), benign lesions (BLs), normal tissue adjacent to breast cancer (CANT), and fatty tissue (FT).

CAIX-Mediated Control of LIN28/ Axis Contributes to Metabolic Adaptation of Breast Cancer Cells to Hypoxia.

Solid tumors, including breast cancer, are characterized by the hypoxic microenvironment, extracellular acidosis, and chemoresistance. Hypoxia marker, carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX), is a pH regulator providing a selective survival advantage to cancer cells through intracellular neutralization while facilitating tumor invasion by extracellular acidification. The expression of CAIX in breast cancer patients is associated with poor prognosis and metastases.

Localization of impalpable breast lesions and detection of sentinel lymph nodes through magnetic methods.

Purpose: The most commonly used technique for guiding the surgical removal of impalpable breast lesions is wire-guided localization (WGL). Potential complications of WGL include wire migration, wire transection, patient discomfort, and pneumothorax. Recently, another possibility for preoperative localization of breast lesions trough small steel seeds was developed.

Secretory carcinoma of the breast: A case report.

Introduction: Secretory breast carcinoma (SBC) is a rare breast tumor which accounts for < 0.15% of all breast cancers. It was originally described as a juvenile breast carcinoma, occurring in young children and adolescent women.

Genetic counselling and testing of susceptibility genes for therapeutic decision-making in breast cancer-an European consensus statement and expert recommendations.

An international panel of experts representing 17 European countries and Israel convened to discuss current needs and future developments in BRCA testing and counselling and to issue consensus recommendations. The experts agreed that, with the increasing availability of high-throughput testing platforms and the registration of poly-ADP-ribose-polymerase inhibitors, the need for genetic counselling and testing will rapidly increase in the near future. Consequently, the already existing shortage of genetic counsellors is expected to worsen and to compromise the quality of care particularly in individuals and families with suspected or proven hereditary breast or ovarian cancer.

Pseudomalignant myositis ossificans in the breast: A case report.

Myositis ossificans (MO) is characterized by abnormal heterotopic ossification formation, typically involving muscles, tendons, ligaments, fascia, and aponeurosis. It can be categorized into nonhereditary and hereditary types, with the latter being a distinct entity with a separate pathophysiology and treatment approach. The pathophysiology of MO formation remains to be fully elucidated.

Granular cell tumor in axillary region: A rare entity.

A granular cell tumor (GCT), is a rare soft tissue tumor which may occur throughout the body, usually in the head and neck, skin or subcutaneous tissues of the trunk and upper extremities, and female genital region. A total of 5-8% of all cases of GCTs occur in the breast. GCT of the breast may mimic breast cancer both clinically and radiologically.

Desmoid-type fibromatosis of the breast: A report of 2 cases.

Mammary fibromatosis is a rare and locally aggressive benign tumor of the breast; it originates from fibroblasts and myofibroblasts within the breast parenchyma and does not metastasize. The condition is locally aggressive and has a high rate of recurrence. The etiology of mammary fibromatosis is unknown.

Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans of the breast: A case report.

Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is a rare malignant tumor of subcutaneous tissue characterized by slow infiltrative growth. The tumor occurs in patients of all ages, with the highest frequency occurring between the second and the fifth decades of age. Genetically, DFSP is characterized by a reciprocal translocation t(17;22)(q22;q13), or more often, as a supernumerary ring chromosome involving chromosomes 17 and 22.

Expression of ezrin and moesin in primary breast carcinoma and matched lymph node metastases.

Ezrin, radixin, moesin (ERM) are important membrane-cytoskeletal crosslinkers and are suggested to play important role in cancer progression and metastasis. Even though ERM proteins were generally considered to be functionally redundant and the most studied was ezrin, recent studies highlight their distinct roles in metastatic process. Little information is available regarding the role of individual ERM proteins and their phosphorylated forms in human breast cancer.

Cadherin-11 expression is upregulated in invasive human breast cancer.

Loss of expression of cadherin-11 protein is correlated with a loss of epithelial phenotype and a gain in tumor cell proliferation and invasion. It has been hypothesized that cadherin-11 may be a molecular marker for a more aggressive subtype of breast cancer. The present study examined the expression of the mesenchymal gene/protein cadherin-11 in malignant, benign and healthy breast cancer samples.

High-Grade Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Breast With Focal Squamous Differentiation.

Primary neuroendocrine carcinoma of the breast is a rare tumor that comprises less than 1% of breast carcinomas, with most patients being in the sixth or seventh decade of their life. In this article, the authors present the case report of a 42-year-old woman with a rapidly growing tumor in her right breast. After clinical staging by physical examination, breast imaging, and thoracoabdominal computed tomography the patient underwent breast-conserving surgery.

[Functional morphology of recently discovered telocytes inside the female reproductive system].

Discovery of telocytes has become an important and key challenge in past few years. These cells are interstitial cells extending very long cytoplasmic processes named telopodes, by which they create functional networks in the interstitium of different organs. Telocytes are considered to be connective tissue elements that create contacts among each other, but they also function as intercellular structures, functionally connected with cells of the immune system, neurons and smooth muscle cells.

Histopathological characterization of ulcerated breast cancer and comparison to their non-ulcerated counterparts.

Approximately 6-15 % of breast cancer patients are diagnosed with primary ulcerated breast cancer (ULBC). ULBC is known to be associated with short recurrence free and poor overall survival. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to characterize ULBC and compare the histopathological findings with those of non-ulcerative breast cancer (NULBC).

Local recurrence rate in patients with DCIS.

Unlabelled: The aim of this observational retrospective study was to evaluate the local recurrence rate of ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast (DCIS) and/or invasive breast cancer in patients with DCIS or microinvasive carcinoma of the breast after breast conserving or radical surgery. Secondary aim of the study was comprehensive assessment of the whole management of DCIS and its comparison with European guidelines.

Methods: The study was performed in a group of 41 women with DCIS or microinvasive cancer, who underwent surgical treatment (breast conserving or radical modified mastectomy) at the IInd Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Bratislava (UNB), during the period 2001-2009.

Effect of tibolone on breast cancer cell proliferation in postmenopausal ER+ patients: results from STEM trial.

Purpose: Tibolone is a selective tissue estrogenic activity regulator, approved for the treatment of vasomotor symptoms in postmenopausal women. We have done an exploratory, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled pilot trial to investigate the tissue-specific effects of 2.5 mg tibolone on breast cancer in postmenopausal women, in particular on tissue proliferation (STEM, Study of Tibolone Effects on Mamma carcinoma tissue).

Semi-quantitative RT-PCR assessment of molecular markers in breast large-core needle biopsies.

Large-core needle biopsies are frequently used for the preoperative evaluation of the breast lesions. In addition to initial diagnostic information, they can show the status of molecular markers with predictive and prognostic value and further contribute to an optimal selection of treatment strategy. So far, the potential use of large-core needle biopsies in assessment of marker profile of the breast lesions was studied using the immunostaining approaches.

Expression of carbonic anhydrase IX in breast is associated with malignant tissues and is related to overexpression of c-erbB2.

CA IX is a tumour-associated carbonic anhydrase with proposed roles in pH modulation and intercellular communication. Its distribution was examined in normal, benign and malignant breast tissues and compared with expression of breast tumour markers including oestrogen receptor, c-erbB2, c-erbB3 and CD44. Tissue specimens were analysed using immunohistochemistry and/or reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).