Swelling Behavior of Novel Hydrogels Produced from Glucose-Based Ionic Monomers with Varying Cross-Linkers.

This work presents the synthesis of glucose-based vinyl imidazolium monomers and the hydrogels produced thereof. These novel semisynthetic, cationic hydrogels were prepared by radical polymerization with different types of commercial cross-linkers such as ,'-methylenebis(acrylamide) or poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate. Both the type and the amount of cross-linker were investigated as influencing factors with respect to the swelling degree.

Nonlinear transmission line-driven apparatus for short-pulse microwave exposure of aerosolized pathogens.

A system capable of exposing a flowing aerosol stream to short duration (2-4 ns), high-power RF waveforms is described. The system utilizes a C-band gyromagnetic nonlinear transmission line source having peak power outputs ranging as high as 80 kW at a center frequency of 4.2 GHz.

Apparatus for controlled microwave exposure of aerosolized pathogens.

A set of three apparatus enabling RF exposure of aerosolized pathogens at four chosen frequencies (2.8 GHz, 4.0 GHz, 5.

Gas pressure dependence of microwave pulses generated by laser-produced filament plasmas.

The plasma arising due to the propagation of a filamenting ultrafast laser pulse in air contains currents driven by the pulse that generate radiated electromagnetic fields. We report absolutely calibrated measurements of the frequency spectrum of microwaves radiated by the filament plasma from 2-40 GHz. The emission pattern of the electric field spectrum is mapped as a function of air pressure from atmosphere to 0.

A multicentre prevalence study in Europe on Giardia duodenalis in calves, with molecular identification and risk factor analysis.

The present study aimed to obtain data on the occurrence of Giardia duodenalis in calves in four major cattle rearing countries in Europe (Germany, UK, France and Italy), along with genotyping data and risk factors associated with these infections. A total of 2072 calves were sampled on 207 farms. The majority of the animals were Holstein dairy or mixed Holstein calves (n=1565 or 75.

Efficacy of deltamethrin (Butox® 7.5 pour on) against nymphs and adults of ticks (Ixodes ricinus, Rhipicephalus sanguineus) in treated hair of cattle and sheep.

Ticks are known to be able to transmit a broad spectrum of agents of diseases in cattle or sheep. Therefore, measurements are needed to keep ticks away from the body of any ruminant belonging to the agricultural life stock. The present study dealt with investigations to measure the efficacy of the insecticide deltamethrin (Butox® 7.

Life cycle and attacks of ectoparasites on ruminants during the year in Central Europe: recommendations for treatment with insecticides (e.g., Butox).

The occurrence of ectoparasites on ruminants throughout the yearly seasons was compiled from the literature and from our own experiments that were based on ultraviolet trap catches during the years 2007-2009. The data were listed in tables, which also contained details on the life cycles of flies, mosquitoes, tabanids, midges, simuliids, louse flies, mallophaga, sucking lice, etc. The breeding sites of those ectoparasites were described as well as their potential activity as vector of agents of diseases.

A Bayesian evaluation of two dip-stick assays for the on-site diagnosis of infection in calves suspected of clinical giardiasis.

The objective of the present study was to evaluate two commercially available dip-stick assays for the diagnosis of Giardia infections in faecal samples from calves suspected of clinical giardiasis. The dip-stick assays provide an on-site and hence quick alternative to laboratory diagnosis. A three-test Bayesian model was used, including the test results of the Coris Giardia strip (Coris Bioconcept, Gembloux, Belgium), the Speed Giardia or BVT dip-stick (Bio Veto Test/Virbac, La Seyne sur Mer, France), and the Meridian immunofluorescence assay (IFA: Meridian Diagnostics Inc.

Does rain reduce the efficacy of Butox 7.5 pour on (deltamethrin) against biting midges (Culicoides specimens)?

Previous studies have shown that cattle and sheep that are treated topically with Butox 7.5 (deltamethrin) on the neck or along the back are protected from biting Culicoides spp. for up to 4 weeks.

The effect of a fenbendazole treatment on cyst excretion and weight gain in calves experimentally infected with Giardia duodenalis.

A total of 28 Holstein-Friesian calves were experimentally infected with 10(5)Giardia duodenalis cysts. Eleven days later, all animals were allocated into two groups of 14 animals each, based on the average pre-treatment cyst counts. Treatment was randomly assigned to one of the two groups, and all animals in the treatment group received a daily oral dosage of 15mg fenbendazole per kg bodyweight during 3 consecutive days.

Thoracic computed tomography of patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus: relevance for the course of disease.

To determine the diagnostic accuracy and prognostic implications of thoracic computed tomography (CT) in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection (HIV), CT scans of 154 HIV-infected patients (mean age, 41 years; range 23-65 years; 18 female) with suspicion of pulmonary disease were retrospectively reviewed for signs of disease by two investigators blinded to clinical data other than positive HIV serology. Abnormal CT features were correlated with CD4-T lymphocyte count, histologic or microbiologic diagnosis, and survival. Computed tomography detected features of pulmonary disease in 133 patients.

Oral manifestations of toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) in patients with AIDS: report of five cases.

Objective: To describe oral findings in HIV-infected individuals with toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN).

Patients: In a retrospective study over a 10 year period the medical histories of 931 hospitalised HIV-infected patients were reviewed for the occurrence of TEN.

Results: Five cases of TEN were diagnosed (three men, two women; median age: 41 years; median CD4+ T lymphocyte count: 20/microliter).

Abdominal CT features and survival in acquired immunodeficiency.

Purpose: HIV-infected patients show a high incidence of abdominal disease. This investigation was made to determine whether abdominal CT provided prognostically relevant information in these patients.

Material And Methods: Images from 533 abdominal CT examinations in 339 HIV-infected patients were retrospectively reviewed for signs of abdominal disease, and correlated with clinical data and survival rates.

Selective expansion of gammadelta T cells among liver-derived lymphocytes of AIDS patients with disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex infection.

The aim of this study was to investigate a potential expansion of gammadelta T cells in AIDS patients in response to disseminated infection with Mycobacterium avium complex. Liver-derived lymphocytes and peripheral blood lymphocytes were obtained from 5 AIDS patients with disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex infection and 10 HIV-infected patients without mycobacterial disease. Control patients included 14 HIV-negative patients without bacterial disease and 4 HIV-negative patients with disseminated Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.

Exfoliative cheilitis (EC) in AIDS: association with Candida infection.

Forty-seven of 165 patients with AIDS (28.5%) showed exfoliative cheilitis (EC), predominantly of the lower lip (n = 37). Histologically, hyphae were revealed in 23 of 47 cases (49%).

Oral manifestations in 70 German HIV-infected women.

Objective: To describe the prevalence of oral lesions in HIV-infected women, and to determine the association of oral lesions with the level of immunosuppression and the route of transmission.

Patients: In a retrospective, cross-sectional study, a cohort of 70 HIV-infected women (median age: 32.5 y; median CD4(+)-cell count 262 per microliter) comprising 18% of all HIV-infected individuals (n = 389) was selected in an outpatient clinic.

[HIV-associated salivary gland diseases. Review of the literature and 3 case reports].

HIV-associated salivary gland disease (HIV-SGD) includes lymphoepithelial lesions and cysts involving the salivary gland tissue and/or intraglandular lymph nodes, and Sjögren-like conditions. Three cases of salivary gland disease occurring in HIV-infected patients are reported. Histopathological examination showed squamous epithelium-lined cysts.

Intestinal disease in acquired immunodeficiency: evaluation by CT.

Intestinal symptoms affect most AIDS patients at some point in their disease. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of CT in this setting. A total of 339 abdominal CT exams were reviewed for signs of intestinal disease.

[Emission of odors from composting of biological waste].

Results of qualitative and quantitative detection of odour substances during the process of composting of biowaste are shown. Olfactometric measurements were carried out beside detection of odour substances by gaschromatography--mass spectroscopy. Some odour relevant substances were set in relation to odorant concentration.

[Sanitation of biowaste compost by using Salmonella enteritidis as a pathogen indicator and survival of Salmonella in seepage water].

The following investigations show the frequency of the occurrence of Salmonella in biowastes. Salmonellae, belonging to the serotypes Salmonella enteritidis, infantis and agona were detected in 50% of the investigated biowaste samples. In order to control the reliability of compositing techniques on eliminating pathogens, Salmonella enteritidis was used as a pathogen indicator, which was brought into a container composting process and investigated on it's decline.

Oral manifestations in a patient with idiopathic CD4+ lymphocytopenia.

A 56-year-old patient with idiopathic CD4+ lymphocytopenia (ICL) is described. In addition to a complex medical history and clinical course, he presented with oral manifestations including episodic erythematous candidiasis, persistent angular cheilitis, lingua exfoliativa areata, and teleangiectasia of facial skin and buccal mucosa. Light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed vascular structures similar to findings in clinically uninvolved oral mucosa of patients with HIV infection.

[Diagnostic results of abdominal computerized tomography in HIV-infected patients].

The exact frequency of pathologic findings in abdominal computed tomograms of HIV-infected patients is not yet known. To analyse such findings, CT scans of 339 HIV-infected patients were reviewed. While over four fifths of patients displayed abnormal findings; hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, pathologically enlarged lymph nodes, and bowel wall thickening were the most common signs of disease.

Human immunodeficiency virus-associated squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck presenting as oral and primary intraosseous squamous cell carcinomas.

Six cases of squamous cell carcinoma arising in the head and neck of patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus are described. This article reports the first two cases of primary intraosseous squamous cell carcinoma associated with infection with human immunodeficiency virus. Clinical presentation, results of imaging studies, histologic characteristics, therapies applied, and the clinical follow-up are described in detail for each of the six cases.

Isolation of atypical mycobacteria from tap water in hospitals and homes: is this a possible source of disseminated MAC infection in AIDS patients?

Infections caused by mycobacteria other than tuberculosis (MOTT), especially Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC), are common in AIDS patients, but rare in immunocompetent persons. The route of transmission is unknown, but tap water could provide a possible source of infection: MAC was isolated from tap water in the U.S.