Transport and sedimentation of microplastics by turbidity currents: Dependence on suspended sediment concentration and grain size.

Using lock-exchange experiments, this study investigates the transport and sedimentation of microplastics (MPs) via turbidity currents. Two hypotheses were tested: MP sedimentation is influenced by suspended sediment concentration and grain size. Utilizing flows with different sediment concentrations and grain sizes in combination with three different MPs (PET fibers, melamine, and PVC fragments), the experiments revealed distinct sedimentation patterns: higher sediment concentrations enhance MP transport, and turbidity currents with finer sediments transported MPs over greater distances, highlighting the importance of sediment characteristics to predict MP distribution by such flows.

[The reality of bronchoscopy care in Germany: a survey by the German Respiratory Society].

Unlabelled: Bronchoscopy has changed considerably in recent years as a result of technical innovations and health economic pressure. There is little current information available on the reality of bronchoscopy care in Germany.

Methodology: In September 2022, sites where bronchoscopy was carried out were systematically surveyed regarding structural and process quality features in an anonymized DGP survey with 33 questions.

First Investigation of a Eustachian Tube Stent in Experimentally Induced Eustachian Tube Dysfunction.

Unmet needs in the treatment of chronic otitis media and Eustachian tube dysfunction (ETD) triggered the development of stents for the Eustachian tube (ET). In this study, for the first time, stents were placed in an artificially blocked ET to evaluate stent function. Eight adult female sheep were injected with stabilized hyaluronic acid (HA) on both sides to induce ETD.

Long-Term Preclinical Evaluation of a Permanent Stent Developed for the Human Eustachian Tube.

The Eustachian tube (ET) is a bottleneck when it comes to middle ear (ME) health. If its function is impaired, this can lead to serious consequences for the patient, such as hearing problems or deafness. Therefore, this study investigated a tapered nitinol stent (3-5 mm × 14 mm) for the human ET as a potential new permanent treatment for chronic Eustachian tube dysfunction (ETD) and thus ME ventilation disorders.

A 27-country test of communicating the scientific consensus on climate change.

Communicating the scientific consensus that human-caused climate change is real increases climate change beliefs, worry and support for public action in the United States. In this preregistered experiment, we tested two scientific consensus messages, a classic message on the reality of human-caused climate change and an updated message additionally emphasizing scientific agreement that climate change is a crisis. Across online convenience samples from 27 countries (n = 10,527), the classic message substantially reduces misperceptions (d = 0.

Pharmacological inhibition of acetylcholinesterase improves the locomotion defective phenotype of a SCA3 model.

Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is a common used treatment option for Alzheimer's disease. However, there has been limited research on the potential use of AChE inhibitors for the treatment of Machado-Joseph disease (MJD)/Spinocerebellar Ataxia 3 (SCA3), in spite of the positive results using AChE inhibitors in patients with other inherited ataxias. MJD/SCA3, the most common form of dominant Spinocerebellar Ataxia worldwide, is caused by an expansion of the polyglutamine tract within the ataxin-3 protein, and is characterized by motor impairments.

Deep dive into the chronic toxicity of tyre particle mixtures and their leachates.

Particles from the tread of vehicle tyres are a global pollutant, which are emitted into the environment at an approximate rate of 1.4 kg.year for an average passenger-car.

The ACE inhibitor captopril inhibits ACN-1 to control dauer formation and aging.

The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) plays a well-characterized role regulating blood pressure in mammals. Pharmacological and genetic manipulation of the RAAS has been shown to extend lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila and rodents, but its mechanism is not well defined. Here, we investigate the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor drug captopril, which extends lifespan in worms and mice.

Subcellular localization of PD-L1 and cell-cycle-dependent expression of nuclear PD-L1 variants: implications for head and neck cancer cell functions and therapeutic efficacy.

The programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1)/programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) axis is primarily associated with immunosuppression in cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). However, mounting evidence is supporting the thesis that PD-L1 not only functions as a ligand but mediates additional cellular functions in tumor cells. Moreover, it has been demonstrated that PD-L1 is not exclusively localized at the cellular membrane.

UNC-49 is a redox-sensitive GABA receptor that regulates the mitochondrial unfolded protein response cell nonautonomously.

The γ-aminobutyric acid-mediated (GABAergic) system participates in many aspects of organismal physiology and disease, including proteostasis, neuronal dysfunction, and life-span extension. Many of these phenotypes are also regulated by reactive oxygen species (ROS), but the redox mechanisms linking the GABAergic system to these phenotypes are not well defined. Here, we report that GABAergic redox signaling cell nonautonomously activates many stress response pathways in and enhances vulnerability to proteostasis disease in the absence of oxidative stress.

The unusual (-/-) conformation of a di-meth-oxy-pyrimidyl-based tennimide.

The tennimide macrocycle, () (CHNO.0.167HO), was synthesized from 2-amino-4,6-di-meth-oxy-pyrimidine and pyridine-2,6-dicarbonyl dichloride.

The ACE-inhibitor drug captopril inhibits ACN-1 to control dauer formation and aging.

Unlabelled: The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) plays a well-characterized role regulating blood pressure in mammals. Pharmacological and genetic manipulation of the RAAS has been shown to extend lifespan in , , and rodents, but its mechanism is not well defined. Here we investigate the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor drug captopril, which extends lifespan in worms and mice.

Observational evidence of legacy effects of the 2018 drought on a mixed deciduous forest in Germany.

Forests play a major role in the global carbon cycle, and droughts have been shown to explain much of the interannual variability in the terrestrial carbon sink capacity. The quantification of drought legacy effects on ecosystem carbon fluxes is a challenging task, and research on the ecosystem scale remains sparse. In this study we investigate the delayed response of an extreme drought event on the carbon cycle in the mixed deciduous forest site 'Hohes Holz' (DE-HoH) located in Central Germany, using the measurements taken between 2015 and 2020.

Spinal meningiomas.

Spinal meningiomas (SM) are lesions with a mostly favorable oncological and surgical prognosis and a low incidence of tumor recurrence. SM account for approximately 1.2-12.

Long-term daily hydrometeorological drought indices, soil moisture, and evapotranspiration for ICOS sites.

Eddy covariance sites are ideally suited for the study of extreme events on ecosystems as they allow the exchange of trace gases and energy fluxes between ecosystems and the lower atmosphere to be directly measured on a continuous basis. However, standardized definitions of hydroclimatic extremes are needed to render studies of extreme events comparable across sites. This requires longer datasets than are available from on-site measurements in order to capture the full range of climatic variability.

Control of aging by the renin-angiotensin system: a review of and mammals.

The free-living, non-parasitic nematode is a premier model organism for the study of aging and longevity due to its short lifespan, powerful genetic tools, and conservation of fundamental mechanisms with mammals. Approximately 70 percent of human genes have homologs in , including many that encode proteins in pathways that influence aging. Numerous genetic pathways have been identified in that affect lifespan, including the dietary restriction pathway, the insulin/insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling pathway, and the disruption of components of the mitochondrial electron transport chain.

Development of an In Vivo Model for Eustachian Tube Dysfunction.

Otitis media is often connected to Eustachian tube dysfunction (ETD). Until now, there was no large animal model available for the examination of new treatment methods such as stents for the Eustachian tube (ET). Thus, the aim of the study was to develop a method to reproducibly induce ETD by injection of fillers and without permanent closure of the ET.

Cross-Reactivity of IgG Antibodies and Virus Neutralization in mRNA-Vaccinated People Against Wild-Type SARS-CoV-2 and the Five Most Common SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern.

The rapid development, approval, and production of vaccines against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in less than 1 year after the first reports of a new infectious disease was a real game changer, providing 80%-90% efficacy in preventing severe etiopathologies of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). These vaccines induce an immune response against the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein located on the surface of the virus particle. Antibodies (Abs) recognizing the S-protein can inhibit binding of the virus the S-protein to the angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) receptor expressed on different human cells, especially when these Abs bind to the interaction site, the so-called receptor-binding domain (RBD).

Developmental landscape of human forebrain at a single-cell level identifies early waves of oligodendrogenesis.

Oligodendrogenesis in the human central nervous system has been observed mainly at the second trimester of gestation, a much later developmental stage compared to oligodendrogenesis in mice. Here, we characterize the transcriptomic neural diversity in the human forebrain at post-conception weeks (PCW) 8-10. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we find evidence of the emergence of a first wave of oligodendrocyte lineage cells as early as PCW 8, which we also confirm at the epigenomic level through the use of single-cell ATAC-seq.

Integration of radiation oncology teaching in medical studies by German medical faculties due to the new licensing regulations : An overview and recommendations of the consortium academic radiation oncology of the German Society for Radiation Oncology (DEGRO).

The new Medical Licensing Regulations 2025 (Ärztliche Approbationsordnung, ÄApprO) will soon be passed by the Federal Council (Bundesrat) and will be implemented step by step by the individual faculties in the coming months. The further development of medical studies essentially involves an orientation from fact-based to competence-based learning and focuses on practical, longitudinal and interdisciplinary training. Radiation oncology and radiation therapy are important components of therapeutic oncology and are of great importance for public health, both clinically and epidemiologically, and therefore should be given appropriate attention in medical education.

Reproductive Aging in : From Molecules to Ecology.

Aging animals display a broad range of progressive degenerative changes, and one of the most fascinating is the decline of female reproductive function. In the model organism , hermaphrodites reach a peak of progeny production on day 2 of adulthood and then display a rapid decline; progeny production typically ends by day 8 of adulthood. Since animals typically survive until day 15 of adulthood, there is a substantial post reproductive lifespan.

A novel titanium implant surface modification by plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) preventing tendon adhesion.

Titanium is one of the most commonly used materials for implants in trauma applications due to its low density, high corrosion resistance and biocompatibility. Nevertheless, there is still a need for improved surface modifications of Titanium, in order to change surface properties such as wettability, antibacterial properties or tissue attachment. In this study, different novel plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) modifications have been investigated for tendon adhesion to implants commonly used in hand surgery.