Dual therapy of cancer using optimal control supported by swarm intelligence.

Background: The scientific revolution in the treatment of many illnesses has been significantly aided by stem cells. This paper presents an optimal control on a mathematical model of chemotherapy and stem cell therapy for cancer treatment.

Objective: To develop effective hybrid techniques that combine the optimal control theory (OCT) with the evolutionary algorithm and multi-objective swarm algorithm.

How corporate social responsibility affects brand equity and loyalty? A comparison between private and public universities.

This study compares the direct and indirect effects of corporate social responsibility (CSR) on brand equity and brand loyalty between public and private universities. Additionally, this study compares the direct effect of CSR on brand reputation; brand reputation on brand equity and loyalty; and the role of brand reputation as a mediator between public and private universities. Data were collected from one public and one private university in Malaysia, with 600 questionnaires collected from students of Taylor's University and the University of Malaya, both top private and public universities in Malaysia, respectively.