Using machine learning modeling to identify childhood abuse victims on the basis of personality inventory responses.

Trauma is very common and associated with significant co-morbidity world-wide, particularly PTSD and frequently other mental health disorders. However, it can be challenging to identify victims of abuse as self-reports can be difficult to elicit due to emotional distress. Better confirmation of a history of significant mistreatment can assist significantly in treatment planning.

Examination of Construct Validity of ANX and DEP Scales of the PAI-A.

Anxiety and depression are the two most common psychiatric problems of adolescence. The Personality Assessment Inventory, Adolescent Version (PAI-A) is a broadband instrument designed to assist in the detection and differential diagnosis of common psychiatric disorders in adolescents, and it includes a Depression scale (DEP) to detect the presence of major depressive episodes and an Anxiety scale (ANX) designed to detect clinically significant anxiety. However, there is limited research on this measure.

Intellectual performance correlates of trauma exposure in adolescent psychiatric inpatients.

Half of individuals have experienced a trauma adequate to meet criteria for PTSD. Intelligence may correlate with trauma, with the causal direction unclear. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) was administered to 733 child and adolescent inpatients.

Comparisons between the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-Adolescent-Restructured Form (MMPI-A RF) and MMPI-A in adolescent psychiatric inpatients.

This study explored the association between the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)-Adolescent-Restructured Form (MMPI-A-RF) and the MMPI-Adolescent (MMPI-A) form in a sample of 3,516 adolescents receiving inpatient psychiatric treatment, including 2,798 adolescents meeting validity inclusion cutoffs for both measures. There was 92.5% agreement rate with respect to global identification of cases as valid or invalid and some empirical support for lowering interpretive cutoffs for validity scales on the MMPI-A-RF.

Effect of ferric ammonium citrate in feedlot diets with varying dried distillers' grains inclusion on ruminal hydrogen sulfide concentrations and steer growth.

Angus-cross steers ( = 128) were used to examine the effects of supplementing ferric ammonium citrate (FAC; 300 mg ferric Fe/kg DM) to diets of 20, 40, or 60% dried distillers' grains plus solubles (DDGS) on growth performance, liver mineral and ruminal hydrogen sulfide (HS) concentrations, and carcass traits of finishing steers. Steers were blocked by initial BW (436 ± 10.6 kg) into pens of 4 and randomly assigned to 1 of 6 treatments ( = 5 or 6 pens per treatment) including a 20, 40, or 60% DDGS inclusion diet with (+) or without (-) 300 mg Fe/kg DM from FAC.

Effects of duration of vitamin C supplementation during the finishing period on postmortem protein degradation, tenderness, and meat color of the longissimus muscle of calf-fed steers consuming a 0.31 or 0.59% sulfur diet.

High-S (HS) diets have been identified as a causative agent in the development of oxidative stress in cattle, which in postmortem muscle can negatively alter meat quality. Vitamin C (VC) is a potent antioxidant produced endogenously by cattle; however, exogenous supplementation of VC may be useful when HS diets are fed to cattle. The objective of this study was to examine the impact of duration of VC supplementation, for the first 56, 90, or 127 d, during the finishing period on meat color and tenderness of the longissimus thoracis (LT) collected from calf-fed steers consuming a 0.

Impact of supplementing vitamin C for 56, 90, or 127 days on growth performance and carcass characteristics of steers fed a 0.31 or 0.59% sulfur diet.

The objective was to examine differential timing of vitamin C (VC) supplementation during the finishing period (for the first 56, 90, or 127 d) on performance, VC, and glutathione (GSH) concentrations and carcass traits of steers receiving a 0.31 or 0.59% S diet.

Changing perceptions of illness in the early course of psychosis: psychological pathways to self-determination and self-management of treatment.

Treatment early in the course of psychosis can improve prognostic outcomes, facilitate adaptive functioning, and reduce familial and societal burden. However, little is known about the pathway of first episode psychosis (FEP) from the perspective of highly adherent adolescents and young adults. This study sought to understand the pathways in youth self-determination and self-management of treatment by investigating youth and parents' changing perceptions of illness in the early course of psychosis.

Feeding ferric ammonium citrate to decrease the risk of sulfur toxicity: effects on trace mineral absorption and status of beef steers.

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of adding ferric ammonium citrate (FAC; 300 mg ferric Fe/kg DM) to a 0.51% S diet on diet digestibility, mineral balance, and 56-d performance of steers fed a high concentrate diet. Angus-crossbred steers (n = 18) were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatments: 1) control diet (0.

High-sulfur in beef cattle diets: a review.

While many cattle feeding areas in the United States have long dealt with high sulfate water, increased feeding of ethanol coproducts such as distillers grains with solubles to beef cattle has led to a corresponding increase in dietary sulfur. As a result, sulfur metabolism in the ruminant has been the focus of many research studies over the past 10 yr, and advances in our knowledge have been made. Excessive sulfur in cattle diets may have implications on trace mineral absorption, dry matter intake, and overall cattle growth.

Influence of supplementing vitamin C to yearling steers fed a high sulfur diet during the finishing period on meat color, tenderness and protein degradation, and fatty acid profile of the longissimus muscle.

The objective was to determine the influence of vitamin C (VC) supplemented for approximately 102 d during the finishing period on color, tenderness, and fatty acid profile of longissimus thoracis (LT; n=136) from steers fed a 0.55% sulfur diet. Treatments included 4 supplemental VC concentrations: 1) 0 (CON), 2) 5 (5VC), 3) 10 (10VC), or 4) 20 (20VC) gVC·h(-1)∙d(-1) in a common diet.

Discovery of previously undetected intellectual disability by psychological assessment: a study of consecutively referred child and adolescent psychiatric inpatients.

Intellectual disability is associated with an increased risk of behavioral disturbances and also complicates their treatment. Despite increases in the sophistication of medical detection of early risk for intellectual disability, there is remarkably little data about the detection of intellectual disability in cases referred for psychiatric treatment. In this study, we used a 10-year sample of 23,629 consecutive child and adolescent admissions (ages between 6 and 17) to inpatient psychiatric treatment.

High dietary sulfur decreases the retention of copper, manganese, and zinc in steers.

To examine the effects of dietary S on diet digestibility and apparent mineral absorption and retention, 16 steers [8 ruminally fistulated (368 ± 12 kg BW) and 8 unmodified (388 ± 10 kg BW)] were paired within modification status and BW, and within each of the 2 consecutive 28-d periods, 4 pairs of steers were randomly assigned to either a low-S (0.24%) or high-S (0.68%) pelleted diet.

Influence of supplemental vitamin C on postmortem protein degradation and fatty acid profiles of the longissimus thoracis of steers fed varying concentrations of dietary sulfur.

The objective was to examine the effects of supplemental vitamin C (VC) on postmortem protein degradation and fatty acid profiles of cattle receiving varying concentrations of dietary sulfur (S). A longissimus muscle was collected from 120 Angus-cross steers assigned to a 3 × 2 factorial, evaluating three concentrations of dietary S (0.22, 0.

Effect of varying concentrations of vitamin C on performance, blood metabolites, and carcass characteristics of steers consuming a common high-sulfur (0.55% S) diet.

The objective of this study was to examine the effects of vitamin C (VC) supplementation for an average of 102 d before harvest on finishing performance and blood metabolites of steers receiving a 40% dry distillers grains plus solubles diet (0.55% S). Yearling, Angus-cross steers (n = 140) were blocked by initial BW (432 ± 25.

Apathy correlates with cognitive performance, functional disability, and HIV RNA plasma levels in HIV-positive individuals.

We examined the relationship of apathy with neurocognitive performance, age, disease markers, and functional disability in 116 HIV-infected individuals. Apathy was assessed with the Apathy Evaluation Scale and was significantly associated with highest HIV plasma level, functional disability, and neurocognitive performance. Individuals with higher apathy levels demonstrated a stronger association between age and processing speed performance.

Supplemental vitamin C improves marbling in feedlot cattle consuming high sulfur diets.

The objective of this study was to examine the effects of supplemental rumen-protected vitamin C (VC) on live and carcass-based performance, and antioxidant capacity of cattle consuming varying concentrations of dietary S. Angus-cross steers (n = 120) were blocked by initial BW (341 ± 11 kg) and assigned equally to 1 of 6 treatments, evaluating 3 concentrations of dietary S [0.22%, 0.

Response character styles in adolescents: a replication of convergent validity between the MMPI-A and the Rorschach.

This study explored the extent to which similar or discordant response character styles (RCS) affected convergence between MMPI-A and Rorschach findings in a sample of 673 adolescents from a psychiatric inpatient setting. Meyer's (Meyer, 1997; Meyer, Riethmiller, Brooks, Benoit, & Handler, 2000) findings for adult samples were generally replicated in that adolescents showing similar RCS across both measures showed moderate to strong relationships between Rorschach and MMPI-A indicants of affective distress, psychosis, and interpersonal wariness, whereas those showing discordant RCS demonstrated negligible or negative correlations between these indicants. This pattern was evident for conceptually similar, but not conceptually unrelated variable pairs.

Mineral concentrations of plasma and liver after injection with a trace mineral complex differ among Angus and Simmental cattle.

To examine the effects of cattle breed on the clearance rate of an injectable mineral product, 10 Angus and 10 Simmental steers were blocked by breed and initial BW (332 ± 33 kg) and injected with either Multimin 90 (MM) or sterilized saline (CON) at a dose of 1 mL/45 kg BW. Multimin 90 contains 15 mg Cu/mL (as Cu disodium EDTA), 60 mg Zn/mL (as Zn disodium EDTA), 10 mg Mn/mL (as Mn disodium EDTA), and 5 mg Se/mL (as sodium selenite). Steers received a corn-silage-based diet, and inorganic sources of Cu, Zn, Mn, and Se were supplemented at NRC recommended amounts.

Prevalence and precursors of the use of restraint and seclusion in a private psychiatric hospital: comparison of child and adolescent patients.

The use of restraint and seclusion is highly regulated in psychiatric inpatient settings. However, the majority of studies of restraint and seclusion are based on public hospitals serving adult patients, with some limited data available on adolescents and children. This paper presents prospectively collected data on restraint and seclusion over a 2-year period at a private psychiatric hospital whose patients include large numbers of both adolescents and pre-adolescent children.

Parent-child discrepancies in report of psychopathology: the contributions of response bias and parenting stress.

This study explored the associations between response-bias features, parenting stress, and parent-child discrepancies in self-report and parent ratings of psychopathology in a sample of 153 preadolescents from an inpatient psychiatric setting. Correlational and multiple regression analyses utilized combinations of dissimulation (FB) and defensiveness (DEF) validity scales from the Personality Inventory for Youth (PIY; Lachar & Gruber, 1995) and Personality Inventory for Children (PIC-2; Lachar & Gruber, 2001) and components from Abidin's (1995) Parenting Stress Index (PSI) to predict normalized parent-child discrepancies between the PIY/PIC-2 clinical scales. Response-bias features were significantly associated with hypothesized patterns of under- and overreporting and accounted for most of the variance in parent-child discrepancies.

The factor structure of clinical symptoms in depressed inpatients with unipolar or bipolar spectrum disorders: a preliminary study.

Factor analysis of symptom structure has proven to be a valuable tool to identify dimensions of symptoms in various psychiatric conditions. This study used exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis to examine symptom structures in depressed inpatients with unipolar (n = 718) or bipolar (n = 134) spectrum disorders who were rated at admission with a psychiatric rating scale. No differences in overall symptom severity on the scale were found in the 2 samples, although different factor structures were detected with exploratory analyses.

Correlates of the MMPI-A Psychopathology Five (PSY-5) facet scales in an adolescent inpatient sample.

We explored the validity of the Psychopathology Five (PSY-5) facet scales of the adolescent version of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-A; Butcher et al., 1992) in an adolescent inpatient psychiatric sample (N = 662) through a series of correlational analyses with self-report measures, therapist ratings, and chart review variables. Consistent with previous research with PSY-5 parent scales, externalizing symptoms were most clearly related to Hostility and Delinquent attitudes facet scales; internalizing symptoms were most clearly related to the presence of high Neuroticism facet scales and Low Drive/Expectations facet scales; and bizarre features and psychotic symptoms were most strongly related to both the Psychotic Experiences and Odd Mentations facet scales as well as the Low Drive/Expectations facet scales.

Six-year outcomes in first admission adolescent inpatients: clinical and cognitive characteristics at admission as predictors.

Persistent functional disability is common after even a single psychiatric admission in people with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder, but less is known about other conditions and about adolescent onset patients. This study examined clinical symptoms and cognitive performance at the time of the first admission for the prediction of 6-year outcomes. First admission adolescent patients with a variety of psychiatric diagnoses were assessed with comprehensive clinical ratings of psychopathology, a neuropsychological assessment, and received clinical diagnoses while experiencing their first psychiatric admission.