COVID-19 and post-infectious myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome: a narrative review.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a viral infection which can cause a variety of respiratory, gastrointestinal, and vascular symptoms. The acute illness phase generally lasts no more than 2-3 weeks. However, there is increasing evidence that a proportion of COVID-19 patients experience a prolonged convalescence and continue to have symptoms lasting several months after the initial infection.

Erythema Nodosum Leprosum Triggered by Antecedent Influenza Vaccine and Respiratory Tract Infection: A Case Report.

We present a patient with new-onset erythema nodosum leprosum months after successful treatment of her mid-borderline leprosy, which was likely triggered by a combination of antecedent influenza vaccination and upper respiratory tract infection.

osteomyelitis and intramuscular abscess in a liver transplant patient.

is an important pathogen that can cause severe illness and mortality in immunocompromised patients. We highlight here the case of a 53-year-old man presenting to hospital 4 years postliver transplant with fever, acute renal failure and a medial thigh lesion. Initially treated as bacterial sepsis, the patient failed to improve on broad-spectrum antibiotics.

Nonapeptide analogues containing (R)-3-hydroxybutanoate and beta-homoalanine oligomers: synthesis and binding affinity to a class I major histocompatibility complex protein.

Crystal structures of antigenic peptides bound to class I MHC proteins suggest that chemical modifications of the central part of the bound peptide should not alter binding affinity to the MHC restriction protein but could perturb the T-cell response to the parent epitope. In our effort in designing nonpeptidic high-affinity ligands for class I MHC proteins, oligomers of (R)-3-hydroxybutanoate and(or) beta-homoalanine have been substituted for the central part of a HLA-B27-restricted T-cell epitope of viral origin. The affinity of six modified peptides to the B2705 allele was determined by an in vitro stabilization assay.

Structure-based design of nonnatural ligands for the HLA-B27 protein.

X-ray studies as well as structure-activity relationships indicate that the central part of class I MHC-binding nonapeptides represents the main interaction site for a T cell receptor. In order to rationally manipulate T cell epitopes, several nonpeptidic spacer have been designed from the X-ray structure of a MHC-peptide complex and substituted for the T cell receptor-binding part of several antigenic peptides. The binding of the modified epitopes to the HLA-B*2705 protein was studied by an in vitro stabilisation assay and the thermal stability of all complexes examined by circular dichroism spectroscopy.

Substituting nonpeptidic spacers for the T cell receptor-binding part of class I major histocompatibility complex-binding peptides.

X-ray diffraction studies as well as structure-activity relationships indicate that the central part of class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-binding nonapeptides represents the main interaction site for a T cell receptor. In order to rationally manipulate T cell epitopes, three nonpeptidic spacers have been designed from the x-ray structure of a MHC-peptide complex and substituted for the T cell receptor-binding part of several antigenic peptides. The binding of the modified epitopes to the human leukocyte antigen-B*2705 protein was studied by an in vitro stabilization assay, and the thermal stability of all complexes was examined by circular dichroism spectroscopy.

Effects of muscimol or homotaurine on sleep-wake states in alcohol-dependent rats during withdrawal.

Sleep-wake states were studied following withdrawal in 36 adult male wistar alcohol-dependent rats, after chronic administration of ethanol (10 g/kg/24 h) for 13 days. In the light phase of the withdrawal day, 12 alcohol-dependent rats received muscimol (0.25 mg/kg), 12 received homotaurine (140 mg/kg), and 12 received 0.

Stability of brain content of magnesium in experimental hypomagnesemia.

Magnesium is important in cerebral function. If there is a deficiency and neurological symptoms accrue, we hypothesised that Mg2+ deficiency causes neurological symptoms by decreasing the level of Mg2+ in cerebral tissue. The content of magnesium was determined in 12 brain structures in magnesium-deficient rats.

Effects of alcohol dependence on shock-induced fighting: action of muscimol and homotaurine.

We have applied the electroshock-induced fighting behavior to the study of experimental alcohol dependence. Adult Wistar rats were intoxicated chronically with ethanol (10 g/kg/24 h) for 13 days. Electroshock-induced fighting behavior was studied during chronic intoxication and withdrawal in comparison with normal rats receiving a water-carbohydrate solution isocaloric to ethanol.

Circadian variations in vigilance states in the alcohol-dependent rat.

Waking and sleep states were studied in the alcohol-dependent rat after administration of ethanol (416 mg/kg/hr) by indwelling intragastric catheter (IGC) for 13 days. Electropolygraphic recordings performed for a total of 24 hr from the start of withdrawal were compared with those of control rats receiving water by IGC and showed 1) that rapid eye movement sleep was the most sensitive of the four vigilance states studied. A decrease was noted both for the total duration of recording and for the light period; 2) that nonactive wakefulness was the only vigilance state to show an inversion of percentages between the light and dark period; 3) that the light period was the best time for studying changes in vigilance states.

EEG effects of a single low dose of ethanol on afternoon sleep in the nonalcohol-dependent adult.

Three polygraphic recordings (PGR) of afternoon sleep (ANS) related to the duration of one sleep cycle, i.e., 90 min, were performed in 14 healthy adult volunteers (7 men and 7 women): two reference PGR, on two consecutive days (before ingestion of alcohol).

Vigilance states and cerebral monoamine metabolism in experimental magnesium deficiency.

Correlations between cerebral monoamine metabolism and electrophysiological parameters were compared in 18 male Wistar rats subjected to a magnesium-restricted diet and in 14 normal rats. During the 40-day experimental period, plasma and erythrocyte Mg2+ levels and plasma Ca2+ and phosphorus levels were measured, and electroencephalographic tracings as well as clinical data were recorded at regular intervals. At the end of the study, the animals were killed and cerebral concentrations of monoamines and their metabolites were determined.

Muscimol inhibits ADH release induced by hypertonic sodium chloride in rats.

The effect of the GABA-agonist muscimol on ADH release induced in rats by administration of hypertonic sodium chloride solutions was studied by means of intracerebroventricular and intraperitoneal injections of the drug. Injected by the intracerebroventricular route, muscimol produced a significant reduction of plasma ADH concentration not only in animals treated with hypertonic sodium chloride, but also in unstimulated animals. Following intraperitoneal administration larger doses were required to produce such an effect, thus suggesting a central site of action for the effect of muscimol on ADH release.

Basal and thirst-evoked vasopressin secretion in rats with electrolytic lesion of the medio-ventral septal area.

Electrolytic lesion of the medio-ventral septal (MVS) area produces, 3 days after the surgery, a remarkable increase of daily diuresis and water intake in the rat. This polyuria and polydipsia is associated with decreased levels of circulating radioimmunoassayable vasopressin. In addition, if these lesioned animals were water-deprived (48 h), the usual vasopressin release observed in sham-lesioned and normal controls was markedly blunted.

[An electroencephalographic study of olfactory gonadic dysplasia (author's transl)].

The morphological functional and electrophysiologic findings of the report of olfactory gonadic dysplasia are reviews. The 11 cases are then presented with the analysis and interpretation of the EEG traces (17), as well as studies of olfactory activation of the EEF (6 subjects) and of afternoon sleep polygraphy (2 subjects). There is discussion of the possible sites of dysfunction in the mesencephalic-limbic structures which could be the source either directly or indirectly of the EEG modifications.