Assessment of free-living daily physical activity in older claudicants: validation against the doubly labeled water technique.

Background: The purpose of this study was to compare physical activity assessed by monitoring devices and questionnaires with the criterion method of physical activity using doubly labeled water (DLW) in free-living peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD) patients.

Methods: Twenty-two older nonsmoking PAOD patients with intermittent claudication (age = 68.7 +/- 7.

Resistance training increases total daily energy expenditure in disabled older women with coronary heart disease.

Physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE) is a determinant of prognosis and fitness in older patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). PAEE and total energy expenditure (TEE) are closely related to fatness, physical function, and metabolic risk in older individuals. The goal of this study was to assess effects of resistance training on PAEE, TEE, and fitness in older women with chronic CHD and physical activity limitations (N = 51, mean age: 72 + 5 yr).

Exactly which synephrine alkaloids does Citrus aurantium (bitter orange) contain?

Following the withdrawal of ephedrine from the dietary supplement marketplace sales of products containing Citrus aurantium (CA) (bitter orange) for weight loss are believed to have increased dramatically. CA contains a number of constituents speculated to lead to weight loss, of which the most frequently cited constituent is synephrine. Concerns have been raised about the safety of products containing synephrine.

Relationship between ghrelin and energy expenditure in healthy young women.

Ghrelin is a novel peptide that has been isolated from human and rat stomach tissues. Despite its known stimulatory effects on appetite and eating behavior, little information is available regarding its relationship with energy expenditure in normal-weight humans. To address this issue, we examined the relationship between serum ghrelin and resting metabolic rate (RMR), the thermic effect of food (TEF), fasting and postprandial respiratory quotient, physical activity level, peak aerobic capacity (VO(2 peak)), energy intake, and psychological measures of feeding behavior.

Metabolic and behavioral characteristics of metabolically obese but normal-weight women.

A unique subset of individuals termed metabolically obese but normal weight (MONW) has been identified. These young women are potentially at increased risk for development of the metabolic syndrome despite their young age and normal body mass index. We seek to determine metabolic and behavioral factors that could potentially distinguish MONW women from young women with a normal metabolic profile.

Metabolic and body composition factors in subgroups of obesity: what do we know?

Obesity is thought to be a heterogeneous disorder with several possible etiologies; therefore, by examining subtypes of obesity we attempt to understand obesity's heterogeneous nature. The purpose of this review was to investigate the roles of metabolic, body composition, and cardiovascular disease risk in subtypes of obesity. We briefly consider two subtypes of obesity that have been identified in the literature.

Resistance training on physical performance in disabled older female cardiac patients.

Purpose: We evaluated the value of resistance training on measures of physical performance in disabled older women with coronary heart disease (CHD).

Methods: The study intervention consisted of a 6-month program of resistance training in a randomized controlled trial format. Training intensity was at 80% of the single-repetition maximal lift.

Reduction in obesity and coronary risk factors after high caloric exercise training in overweight coronary patients.

Background: The majority of patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) are overweight. However, little weight loss occurs with participation in a standard cardiac rehabilitation (CR) program.

Methods: Fifteen overweight patients (average body mass index of 31.

Is there a threshold of visceral fat loss that improves the metabolic profile in obese postmenopausal women?

It is presently unclear how much visceral adipose tissue (VAT) loss is needed to induce favorable metabolic changes. Cross-sectional studies have proposed that a threshold level of VAT exceeding 110 cm(2) in women induces deleterious changes in the metabolic profile. It is presently unclear, however, if significant decreases in VAT below this given threshold significantly improve the metabolic profile more as compared to decreases that remain below 110 cm(2).

Arg64 beta3-adrenoceptor variant and the components of energy expenditure.

Objective: To determine Trp64Arg beta(3)-adrenoceptor genotype-specific differences in the components of energy expenditure.

Hypothesis: We hypothesized that resting metabolic rate (RMR) and physical activity levels would be lower and that thermic effect of feeding (TEF) would be higher in those with the Arg64 allele.

Research Methods And Procedures: RMR and TEF were measured by indirect calorimetry, physical activity by questionnaire, and total energy expenditure by the doubly labeled water method.

Impact of cardiovascular fitness and physical activity level on health outcomes in older persons.

It remains unclear whether health recommendations should focus on improving cardiovascular fitness or physical activity energy expenditure in older persons. Although the literature is not abundant in this area, we first examined the association between cardiovascular fitness and physical activity. It appears that cross-sectional studies support a positive association between cardiovascular fitness and physical activity energy expenditure, whereas intervention studies suggest that when aerobic exercise is implemented later in life, older individuals either do not change or decrease physical activity energy expenditure outside of the program.

Menopause, energy expenditure, and body composition.

Objectives: The effects of menopause transition on metabolic and cardiovascular disease risk in women are unclear. It is unknown whether estrogen deficiency, aging, or a combination of both factors are independent contributors to a worsening health profile in women. We considered the effects of menopause transition and hormone replacement therapy on body composition, regional body fat, energy expenditure, and insulin sensitivity.