Genetic polymorphisms of reproductive hormones and their receptors in assisted reproduction technology for patients with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrinopathies in women of childbearing, which is defined by the accumulation of multiple, small fluid-filled ovarian cysts without the selection of a single dominant follicle. Most PCOS phenotypes are characterized by the absence of spontaneous ovulation, resistance toward ovulation inductors, the production of a large immature oocytes number, and the high prevalence of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, resulting in reduced assisted reproductive technologies (ART) programs effectiveness. The review analyses current data about the relationship between polymorphism genotypes of genes, follicle stimulating hormone (, luteinizing hormone (, anti-Müllerian hormone ( and their receptors genes, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (, estrogen, and progesterone receptors genes, the PCOS risk and the features of ovarian response to stimulation during ART cycles.

Dydrogesterone treatment for menstrual-cycle regularization in routine clinical practice: a multicenter observational study.

Dydrogesterone is an oral retroprogesterone widely used to treat progesterone deficiencies, including irregular menstrual cycles (MCs). This prospective, non-interventional, single-arm, post-marketing, observational study evaluated the effects of dydrogesterone on MC regularization. Women aged 18-40 years who had been prescribed dydrogesterone to treat irregular MCs due to progesterone deficiency were enrolled across 64 centers in Russia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan.

[Arterial hypertension in women and cerebrovascular disease].

Peculiarities of arterial hypertension and development of cerebrovascular disease in women are discussed with reference to age-related morbidity features, pathogenetic and clinical variants of the disease, its risk factors, and approaches to rational pharmacotherapy.

Human papillomavirus prevalence and type-distribution, cervical cancer screening practices and current status of vaccination implementation in Russian Federation, the Western countries of the former Soviet Union, Caucasus region and Central Asia.

Limited data are available on the burden of human papillomavirus (HPV) and its associated diseases in the Russian Federation, the Western Countries of the former Soviet Union (Belarus, Republic of Moldova, Ukraine), the Caucasus region and Central Asia (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan). Both the incidence and mortality rate of cervical cancer are higher in these countries than in most Western European countries. In this article, we review available data on HPV prevalence and type distribution in women with normal cytology, women from the general population, cervical precancerous lesions and cervical cancer, as well as data on national policies of cervical cancer screening and HPV vaccination initiatives in these countries.

[Role of immune disorders in the pathogenesis of suppurative inflammatory diseases of the adnexa uteri].

Clinical and immunological studies were carried out in 60 patients with tubal pyoinflammatory diseases and in 20 healthy controls of a reproductive age. The immunity status was studied using IKO monoclonal antibodies to differentiation antigens of peripheral blood mononuclears. An acute purulent process was found to be characterized by an adaptive increase in the count of mononuclears carrying the markers of B lymphocytes (CD22, IgM mu-chain), of activated cells (CD38, HLA-D(r)), and of the total number of positive correlations between immunocompetent cells.

[Patho- and morphogenesis of pyo-inflammatory diseases of the adnexa uteri].

The uterine appendages in 87 females aged from 17 to 53 years were surgically removed because of inefficacy of conservative treatment for purulent inflammation. There were signs of chronic recurrent inflammation in the uterine tubes or in the tubes and ovaries as shown by the operative material studied light and electron microscopically, immunomorphologically. Immune mechanisms as well as structural changes (reduction, vasculitis) of the vascular bed and muscular layer (sclerosis) of the tubes played a role in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammation.

[Doppler monitoring of the treatment of inflammatory diseases of the adnexa uteri].

Twenty-five women with acute inflammations of the uterine tubes were examined using Doppler studies of the internal iliac, uterine, and ovarian arteries over the course of therapy. The systolic/diastolic ratio (A/B) and the Pourcelot resistance index were used in analysis of the spectral curves. The findings evidence that the iliac artery blood flow was unchanged over the course of therapy.

[Clinical-morphological aspects of suppurative inflammatory diseases of the adnexa uteri].

Draining of pyo-inflammatory foci of the uterine tubes, monitored by transvaginal echography, computer-aided tomography and laparoscopy, or surgery were carried out in 169 patients. Morphologic analysis helped define the characteristic features of the most prevalent clinical forms of pyo-inflammatory conditions of the uterine appendages and thus promoted a more accurate diagnosis of such conditions and their differentiated therapy. Immediate and late results of therapeutic draining of the pyo-inflammatory foci in the uterine tubes, monitored by the afore-said methods, are analyzed.

[The computed tomographic semiotics of inflammatory diseases of the adnexa uteri].

The authors sum up the results of CT and clinical investigation of 46 women with inflammatory diseases of the uterine appendages: salpingo-oophoritis, pyosalpinx, pyoovarium, and 2 types of tuboovarian abscesses. They have shown CT potentialities in differential diagnosis of inflammations of the uterine appendages with cysts and true ovarian tumors on the basis of routine investigation and an iv contrast study of intensified images. Retrospective analysis of the most typical diagnostic errors is given.

[Possibilities of Doppler ultrasonics in the study of blood flow in the iliac and ovarian arteries in healthy women].

A duplex-system echographic study, with simultaneous visualization of the vessel proper and its doppler flow rate curves, was carried out in 35 women with normal biphasic menstrual cycles. A typical flow rate curve was demonstrated for each of the vessels. The assessment of numeric pulsation index values showed its significant reduction in the ovarian artery where the ovary contains a mature follicle or a luteal body.

[Use of computerized tomography in the diagnosis and treatment of suppurative inflammatory adnexal disease].

The use of computerized tomography in the diagnosis and treatment of purulent adnexal inflammations has made it possible to evolve diagnostic criteria for pyosalpinx, pyoovarium and tubo-ovarian abscess. By puncture and drainage of purulent cavities, under computerized-tomographic control, surgical intervention could be avoided in young women.

[Comparative evaluation of transabdominal and transvaginal echography in the diagnosis of acute inflammatory diseases of the adnexa uteri].

Typical echographic criteria of acute adnexal inflammations have been identified in transabdominal and transvaginal echographic scanning. The advantages of transvaginal echography for the diagnosis of such conditions are demonstrated.