[Vibrio cholerae serogroups O1 and O139: susceptibility to antibiotics during 7th cholera pandemic].

The review presents data on circulation of antibiotic resistant and susceptible strains of Vibrio cholerae serogroups O1 and O139 isolated from cholera patients and healthy persons as well as from the environment, in Asia, Africa, Australia, and Europe (including New Independent States) during 7th cholera pandemic.

[Cholera caused by Vibrio cholerae O1 ctxAB- tcpA+].

Results of analysis of cholera outbreak during which V. cholerae O1 biovar El-Tor ctxAB- tcpA+ was isolated from 2 patients and 30 carriers are presented. Epidemic was caused by contamination of water source and water route of transmission.

[Comparative characteristics of the preparations of hemolysin of ctx+ and ctx- Vibrio cholerae eltor and Vibrio cholerae O139 strains].

Hemolysin of ctx+ Vibrio cholerae strains was obtained and studied. Ctx+ Vibrio cholerae O1 and O139 strains produced the hemolysin during cultivation in triptone medium without FeCl3. Mol.

[Testing the biological activity of Vibrio cholerae on cell subcultures].

Testing the supernatants of ctx(+) strains of V. cholerae eltor and V. cholerae O139 on cell subcultures confirmed the possibility of the synthesis of hemolysin by V.

[Cholera at the beginning of the XXI century. Prognosis].

The worldwide epidemiological situation in cholera El Tor at the beginning of this century is presented; among its characteristic features are continued extensive epidemics and outbreaks in African and Asian countries with cases of import of this infection to other continents. Outbreaks caused by a new variant of the infective agent of cholera, Vibrio cholerae O139, are still registered at limited territories in the countries of South-East Asia. In some CIS countries (Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan and Russia) unstable situation in cholera is still preserved due to cases of infection import mainly from Asian countries, as well as to the isolation of epidemically insignificant haemolysin-positive and haemolysin-negative V.

[Hemolytic activity of Vibrio cholerae eltor and V. cholerae O139 toxigenic and nontoxigenic strains].

A total of 20 ctx- and 16 ctx+ V. cholerae eltor strains, 20 ctx- and 22 ctx+ V. cholerae O139 strains were under study.

[Role of iron ions in the production of hemolysin by toxigenic and nontoxigenic Vibrio cholerae of different serogroups].

The hemolytic activity of ctx- and ctx+ V. cholerae, serogroups eltor and O39, in a medium free of FeCl3 was studied. During the cultivation in this medium, the strains of both V.

[Hemolytic activity and toxigenicity of Vibrio cholerae of different serogroups].

Experimental data on the comparative evaluation of the hemolytic activity of ctx+ Hly- and ctx- Hly+ V. cholerae, serogroups O1 and O139, in the process of their cultivation in different nutrient media are presented. The capacity of ctx+ V.

[Characterization of Vibrio cholerae eltor in the city of Kazan in 2001].

Information on V. cholerae eltor isolated in the focus of cholera in Kazan in 2001 at different periods of the outbreak is presented. The identity of strains isolated from patients, vibriocarriers and environmental objects, including their antibioticograms (sensitivity to cyprofloxacin and resistance to trimethoprim--sulfamethoxazole, streptomycin, furazolidone and nalidixic acid, which may be regarded as markers), is shown.

[The characteristics of the current stage in the development of the 7th cholera pandemic].

The state and tendencies in the development of the epidemiological situation in cholera in the world (1961-1996) are evaluated. As revealed in this investigation, at the modern stage the development of the 7th pandemic characterized by the formation of stable and temporary endemic foci in a number of countries of Asia, Africa, Central and South America and by the import of cholera from these foci to different countries of the world, including the CIS countries and Russia. The "trigger mechanism" of epidemic manifestations in Russia is discussed, in particular the epidemic of 1994 in Dagestan used as an example.

[The evaluation of the virulent properties of Vibrio cholerae O1 by using in-vitro methods].

The virulent properties of V. cholerae O1 (more than 1000 strains) were studied. For this purpose the following methods were used: the determination of hemolytic activity, the express method based on the determination of the speed of mannite oxidation, complex analysis and polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

[The characteristics of Vibrio cholerae isolated in Dagestan in 1994].

A high degree of resistance to cholera diagnostic phages and carriership of prophages characteristic of V. cholerae eltor strains vct+ were shown to be the specific features V. cholerae isolated in Daghestan during the period of June-October 1994.

[The virulence of Vibrio cholerae isolated under different epidemiological situations].

The virulence of V. cholerae isolated on the territory of Russia and other CIS countries from environmental objects and from humans in different epidemic situations during the period of 1987-1991 was studied. The analysis of the data obtained in this study revealed that intensive epidemic complications were linked with the realization of the pathogenic properties of strains, characterized by the presence of the ctx gene and the absence of hemolytic activity.

[Cholera in Ukraine and Moldova during the 7th pandemic].

The epidemic manifestations of cholera in the Ukraine and Moldova in 1970-1991 are analyzed. In the Ukraine the peak of cholera morbidity in 1970 was caused by infection brought to the ports of Odessa and Kerch with its subsequent spread to other territories. This infection was characterized by outbreaks transmitted through water, mainly sea water, with the isolation of Vibrio eltor toxigenic virulent strains and outbreaks of vibrio carriership of alimentary (dairy) origin with the isolation of avirulent strains.

The seventh pandemic of cholera in the USSR, 1961-89.

Over the period 1961-89 a total of 1,713,057 cases of cholera were reported to WHO from 117 countries in all continents. The course of the epidemic fell into three periods: in period I (1961 to 1969), 24 countries (predominantly in Asia) reported about 419,968 cholera cases; in period II (1970 to 1977), 73 countries from Asia, Africa, Europe, and the Americas reported 706,261 cases; and in period III (1978 to 1989), 83 countries reported 586,828 cases. The global epidemic was at its most severe in 1967-74.

[The types of the epidemic manifestations of cholera on the territory of the USSR].

On the basis of the analysis of cholera cases for the period of 1965-1989 three main main types of epidemic manifestations of this infection on the territory of the USSR were determined with due attention to the complex of data, characterizing the intensity and types of the epidemic process, the danger of the outbreak and spread of cholera. This made it possible to differentiate and decrease the complex of prophylactic measures, depending on the type of the territory.

[The 7th cholera pandemic in the world and the USSR].

1,713,057 cases of cholera were registered in the world during the seventh pandemic of the disease at the period of 1961-1989. The pandemic still continues, being the most prolonged pandemic in comparison with earlier ones. During the period of the seventh pandemic 10,723 cases of cholera were registered in the USSR.

[The epidemiological importance of Vibrio cholerae isolated from different ecological systems].

The analysis of the data on the isolation of V. cholerae from different ecological systems indicates that V. eltor do not constantly inhibit the rivers and sea at the territory under control.

Allomonads - a new group of microorganisms of the Vibrionaceae family.

A total of 24 strains of microorganisms with basic marks relating them to the family of Vibrionaceae were isolated from human faeces, liquid sewage and waters of surface reservoirs contaminated with sewage. The study of biological, cultural and biochemical characteristics, determination of phenotypic similarity according to Adanson-Sneath, investigation of DNA composition and extent of DNA hybridization by the methods of gene taxonomy induced us to establish taxonomic independence of the discovered strains at the level of the genus Allomonas gen. nov.

[Allomonads, a new group of microorganisms of the Vibrionaceae family. III. Taxonomic analysis of the similarities between allomonads and other genera of the family].

24 strains of Gram-negative bacilli with the polar location of flagellae, oxidase positive, releasing no gas in the process of glucose fermentation in aerobic and anaerobic conditions in the High-Leifson test, belonging to the family Vibrionaceae, were isolated from the feces of healthy persons, polluted water and sewage. Analysis by the method of numerical taxonomy revealed that these strains were essentially different from all other members of this family, and 19 of them formed a sharply defined group on the S-0,85 level, tentatively named Allomonas enterica comb. nov.

[Accelerated radioisotope method of determining cholera vibrios' sensitivity to antibiotics].

Estimation of protein biosynthesis rate was used for rapid determination of Vibrio cholerae sensitivity to tetracycline and chloramphenicol by comparison of the bacterial cell radioactivity in samples with and without the antibiotics. For the sensitivity determination the strains were grown for 30 minutes at a temperature of 37 degrees C in nutrient media with a 14C-amino acid and antibiotic. The data of the determination were indicative of at least 10-fold difference in the amount of the amino acid assimilated by the sensitive strains in the presence and absence of the antibiotic.