Exhaled volatile organic compounds (VOCs) for prediction of asthma exacerbation in children.

Objectives: To find possible relationship between asthma exacerbation and metabolomic profile of airways, assessed by non-invasive method - free volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled air in children.

Material And Methods: The study included 80 children aged 4-18 years with asthma: 42 children with a min. 3 asthma exacerbations in the past 12 months, and 38 children without a history of exacerbations in the past year.

Practical Approach to Hypersensitivity to Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) in Children.

Background: We aimed to assess the real-life prevalence, patient profile, and clinical presentation of drug hypersensitivity to NSAIDs in children after an incidence of an adverse event during treatment, verified by a drug challenge test.

Methods: We included 56 children, aged 4-18 years, referred to our allergy clinic due to the incidence of adverse reaction during treatment. Skin prick tests and a drug provocation test were performed in all patients.

Prenatal polyunsaturated fatty acids and atopic dermatitis and food allergy in children from Polish Mother and Child Cohort study.

Objectives: Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are involved both in immune system regulation and inflammation. The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the association between maternal dietary intake of PUFAs during pregnancy and atopic dermatitis (AD) and food allergy (FA) in their children up to 7-9 years of age.

Material And Methods: The study population consists of 557 mother-child pairs from the Polish Mother and Child Cohort (REPRO_PL).

The Effect of Environmental Factors on Immunological Pathways of Asthma in Children of the Polish Mother and Child Cohort Study.

The FOXP3 transcription factor is a marker of regulatory T cells (Tregs), and is essential in the process of their activation and proper expression by promoting immune homeostasis. To assess the influence of the environment on the development of asthma, we hypothesized that in our cohort, exposure to environmental factors is associated with asthma risk in children, and that FOXP3 levels vary with their incidence and are negatively correlated with developing asthma. This prospective study conducted in Poland uses a cohort of 85 children (42 with and 43 without asthma diagnosis) aged 9 to 12 years recruited for the Polish Mother and Child Cohort Study.

Micronutrients and the Risk of Allergic Diseases in School Children.

Microelements and vitamins are believed to have immunomodulatory effects. The aim of the study was to establish the role of antioxidants (vitamins A, E, D) and microelements such as copper (Cu), selenium (Se), and zinc (Zn) levels in allergic diseases in schoolchildren. The study uses a cohort of 80 children (40 with and 40 without allergy/asthma diagnosis) aged 9 to 12 years recruited for the Polish Mother and Child Cohort Study.

Home Environment in Early-Life and Lifestyle Factors Associated with Asthma and Allergic Diseases among Inner-City Children from the REPRO_PL Birth Cohort.

Objective: We hypothesized that, in our REPRO_PL cohort, exposure to indoor allergens and lifestyle factors in early life are associated with risk of asthma, atopic dermatitis, and allergic rhinitis at ten years of age.

Methods: We only examined children who had lived in the same house from birth. Children's exposure to tobacco smoke was assessed based on cotinine levels in urine.

Adolescent Athletes at Risk of Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction: A Result of Training or Pre-Existing Asthma?

Exercise may trigger bronchoconstriction, especially in a group of athletes in whom bronchospasm during exercise is reported to occur more frequently than in nonathletes. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and environmental risk factors contributing to exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) in adolescent athletes. A prospective study was conducted among a group of 101 adolescent athletes who underwent spirometry, exercise challenge, fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) measurements, and allergy assessment.

Maternal diet during pregnancy and risk of allergic diseases in children up to 7-9 years old from Polish Mother and Child Cohort study.

Background: The impact of maternal diet during pregnancy on the risk of allergic diseases in childhood is an increasing scientific and public health concern. We evaluated the associations of maternal type of diet and essential elements and vitamins intake during pregnancy with offspring allergic and respiratory outcomes.

Methods: The study population included 557 mother-child pairs from Polish Mother and Child Cohort (REPRO_PL).

Effectiveness of omalizumab in children and adolescents with uncontrolled allergic asthma: a case series from Poland.

Introduction: Omalizumab has been successfully used as a supplementary therapy to improve asthma control in children aged ≥ 6 years with moderate or severe persistent allergic asthma.

Aim: To evaluate effectiveness ofomalizumab in children and adolescents with uncontrolled allergic asthma.

Material And Methods: Seventeen children and adolescents aged 8-16, treated with omalizumab from 2011 until now, were enrolled into the retrospective, open, uncontrolled, observational study.

When toothache results in asthma diagnosis.

Local anesthetics (LA) have been used for a wide variety of procedures over the years due to their analgesic effect. These drugs have been seen to cause adverse events in the pediatric population, but an actual allergy must be in question. A case of an apparent hypersensitivity reaction to LA used in the setting of dental procedures in a 14.

Sensitization to cat and dog components and prediction of symptoms in cat-sensitized children.

Background: Sensitization to cat and/or dog allergens during childhood represents a risk factor for the development of allergic diseases later in life.

Objective: The study investigated the association of patterns of sensitization to cat and dog allergen components with clinical symptoms of allergy to these furry animals among cat-sensitized children.

Methods: The children were evaluated for the presence of bronchial asthma, atopic dermatitis and allergic rhinitis.

Longitudinal effect of phthalates exposure on allergic diseases in children.

Background: Environmental chemicals, such as phthalates, phenols, and parabens, may affect children's immune development and contribute to the risk of atopic diseases and asthma.

Objective: To evaluate the associations between prenatal and childhood phthalate exposure and atopic diseases in children at the age of 9 years.

Methods: This analysis is restricted to 145 mother-child pairs from the prospective Polish Mother and Child Cohort Study.

A Case of a Child With Several Anaphylactic Reactions to Drugs.

Adverse drug reaction is defined as any harmful, unintended, and undesired effect of a drug that occurs at doses used for treatment, prevention, or diagnoses. Most of these reactions are classified as type A reactions, which by definition are predictable, common, dose-dependent, and caused by known pharmacological actions of the drug, drug toxicity, and side effects. Allergic reactions are qualified as type B reactions independent of dose, affecting a small population, suggesting that individual patient host factors are important.

Duration of breastfeeding and psychomotor development in 1-year-old children - Polish Mother and Child Cohort Study.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between breastfeeding duration and child neurodevelopment based on the Polish Mother and Child Cohort Study.

Material And Methods: The current analysis included 501 mother-child pairs. The analysis evaluating the association between the length of breastfeeding and child neurodevelopment considered the following variables: maternal age and body mass index, weight gain during pregnancy, parental level of education, marital status, socioeconomic status, child gender, birthweight, type of delivery, preterm delivery, pre- and postnatal exposure to tobacco constituents and child day care attendance.

Clinical and immunological effects of vitamin D supplementation during the pollen season in children with allergic rhinitis.

Introduction: Vitamin D deficiency has been proposed as a potential contributing factor in patients with allergic diseases. We compared the clinical and immunological effects of vitamin D supplementation to placebo during the pollen season in children with allergic rhinitis.

Material And Methods: Thirty-eight children aged 5-12, sensitive to grass pollen, participated in a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

New insights into treatment of children with exercise-induced asthma symptoms.

Background: Exercise is one of the most common triggers of bronchoconstriction and affects up to 80% of children with asthma.

Objective: The purpose of this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was to assess the effectiveness of treatment with ciclesonide 160 microgram, either alone, with a higher dose, with a leukotriene receptor antagonist (LTRA), or with a long-acting beta-agonist (LABA) in children with asthma with postexercise-induced symptoms.

Methods: Eighty adolescents, ages 1218 years, with asthma and postexercise symptoms were enrolled.

The clinical effect of vitamin D supplementation combined with grass-specific sublingual immunotherapy in children with allergic rhinitis.

Background: An important issue in sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) is how to improve efficacy.

Objective: To compare the clinical efficacy of SLIT with vitamin D supplementation with placebo in children with allergic rhinitis. Secondary end points included lung function, exhaled nitric oxide concentration, methacholine bronchial provocation test, and serum level of calcifediol (25[OH]D).

School environmental factors are predictive for exercise-induced symptoms in children.

Background: Environmental factors in schools have a significant effect on the exercise-induced bronchoconstriction and symptoms in a general paediatric population.

Objectives: To determine the environmental factors such as atmospheric conditions and the presence of allergens in gymnasiums, that could be predictive of the presence of exercise-induced symptoms/bronchospasm in children during physical education (PE).

Methods: 1370 schoolchildren were enrolled.

Methacholine challenge testing is superior to the exercise challenge for detecting asthma in children.

Background: Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction occurs in a large proportion of children with asthma.

Objective: To compare the predictive value of methacholine challenge testing (MCCT) and the exercise treadmill challenge (ETC) for detecting asthma in children with postexercise symptoms.

Methods: This was a prospective study of children 10 to 18 years old with postexercise symptoms.

The effect of prenatal exposure to phthalates on food allergy and early eczema in inner-city children.

Background And Objective: We hypothesized that maternal prenatal and children urine metabolite concentration of phthalates would be associated with food allergy and early eczema among inner-city children. The study was based on data from the Polish Mother and Child Cohort.

Methods: Prenatal and postnatal exposure to the following phthalates: diethyl phthalate, diisobutyl phthalate, di-n-butyl phthalate, butyl-benzyl phthalate, di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, diisononyl phthalate, and di-n-octyl phthalate were determined by measuring phthalate metabolites in the urine collected from the mothers during the third trimester of pregnancy and from their children at age 2 years.