Mobile Colistin Resistance Genetic Determinants of Non-Typhoid Isolates from Russia.

Polymyxin resistance, determined by genes located on plasmid DNA, currently poses a high epidemiological threat. Non-typhoid (NTS) are one of the key pathogens causing diarrheal diseases. Here, we report the isolation and whole genome sequencing of multidrug colistin-resistant/susceptible isolates of non-typhoid serovars carrying genes.

[Analysis of human coronaviruses circulation].

Introduction: The novel SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, which emerged at the end of 2019 and caused a worldwide pandemic, triggered numerous questions about the epidemiology of the novel COVID-19 disease and  about wellknown coronavirus infections, which used to be given little attention due to their mild symptoms.

The Purpose: The routine screening-based multiyear retrospective observational study of prevalence and circulation patterns of epidemic-prone human coronaviruses in Moscow.

Material And Methods: The real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to detect RNA of human coronaviruses (HCoVs) in nasal and throat swabs from 16,511 patients with an acute respiratory infection (ARI), aged 1 month to 95 years (children accounted for 58.

Molecular surveillance of norovirus, 2005-16: an epidemiological analysis of data collected from the NoroNet network.

Background: The development of a vaccine for norovirus requires a detailed understanding of global genetic diversity of noroviruses. We analysed their epidemiology and diversity using surveillance data from the NoroNet network.

Methods: We included genetic sequences of norovirus specimens obtained from outbreak investigations and sporadic gastroenteritis cases between 2005 and 2016 in Europe, Asia, Oceania, and Africa.

Global Spread of Norovirus GII.17 Kawasaki 308, 2014-2016.

Analysis of complete capsid sequences of the emerging norovirus GII.17 Kawasaki 308 from 13 countries demonstrated that they originated from a single haplotype since the initial emergence in China in late 2014. Global spread of a sublineage SL2 was identified.

[SONNEI DYSENTERY MORBIDITY IN KHABAROVSK AND KHABAROVSK REGION DUE TO ATYPICAL MANNITOL-NEGATIVE CAUSATIVE AGENT].

Aim: Determine features of epidemic process (EP) of Sonnei dysentery in Khabarovsk Region in 2012 - 2014 due to atypical causative agent.

Materials And Methods: Detailed characteristics of 161 cultures of Shigella sonnei isolated from 81 patients from epidemic focus in children boarding school in Bikin as well as from 22 patients from sporadic and group foci of dysenteryin Khabarovsk (biochemical type, colicin-genotype, spectrum of drug resistance) is given. Molecular-biologic subtyping was carried out for 11 strains by Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis method (PFGE).

Burden of Childhood Rotavirus Disease in the Outpatient Setting of the Russian Federation.

Background: This is a prospective, multicentered study conducted in 9 large urban areas in Russia, in order to determine the burden of rotavirus gastroenteritis in children <5 years of age and the genotypes circulating during 1 rotavirus season.

Methods: From November 2012 to May 2013, surveillance was conducted in Moscow, Saint-Petersburg, Vologda, Krasnodar, Krasnoyarsk, Novosibirsk, Yaroslavl, Khanty-Mansiysk and Vladivostok. Children <5 years of age presenting at outpatient clinics with acute gastroenteritis (AGE) of less than 72 hours duration were enrolled in the study.

Global phylogeography and evolutionary history of Shigella dysenteriae type 1.

Together with plague, smallpox and typhus, epidemics of dysentery have been a major scourge of human populations for centuries(1). A previous genomic study concluded that Shigella dysenteriae type 1 (Sd1), the epidemic dysentery bacillus, emerged and spread worldwide after the First World War, with no clear pattern of transmission(2). This is not consistent with the massive cyclic dysentery epidemics reported in Europe during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries(1,3,4) and the first isolation of Sd1 in Japan in 1897(5).

[Enterovirus infections and meningitis in children].

Objective: To compare clinical characteristics in children with enterovirus infections (EVI) and meningitis with detailed characteristics of the changes in the content of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) confirmed in the laboratory.

Material And Methods: The results of examinations of 97 children, aged from 2.5 to 15 years, 3 adolescents and 1 adult female patient with EVI were analyzed.

1-Phenylethynylpyrene (PEPy) as a novel blue-emitting dye for qPCR assay.

An alkyl azide derivative of 1-phenylethynylpyrene (PEPy) dye was prepared and used in the functionalization of oligonucleotides via click chemistry. Spectral and photo-physical properties of the PEPy-modified oligonucleotides as a single strand, and in perfect or mismatched duplexes, have been studied. A series of PEPy-Dabcyl fluorogenic TaqMan probes were synthesized and tested in qPCR.

[The results of monitoring of antigen types of rotaviruses of group A on the territory of the Russian Federation in 2011-2015.].

The data of seasonal monitoring are presented concerning antigen types of rotaviruses group A circulating on the territory of the Russian Federation in the periods of seasonal uprising of morbidity in 2011-2015. Annually, the study included from 10 to 12 subjects of the Russian Federation with annual testing from 444 to 728 samples from children aged younger than 5 years with acute infection diarrhea. In the seasons of 2011-2012, 2012-2013, 2013-2014, 2014-2015 the most prevalent [P] G types of rotaviruses correspondingly made up to: G4[P]8 -50.

[THE COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTIC OF SETS OF REAGENTS FOR IDENTIFICATION OF ANTIGENS OF ROTAVIRUSES USED ON THE TERRITORY OF RUSSIA].

The study was carried out to evaluate and compare analytical characteristics of reagents kits for identification of antigens of rotaviruses SD BIOLINE Rotavirus (Standard Diagnostics, Korea), RIDA Quick Rotavirus (R-biopharm AG, Germany), RotaStick One-Step Test (Novamed Ltd., Israel), QuickStripe Rotavirus (Savyon doagnostics Ltd., Israel), Rotavirus-antigen-IFA-BEST (Vector-Best, the Russian Federation), Rota-antigen (NPP AKVAPAST, the Russian Federation).

Solid- and solution-phase synthesis and application of R6G dual-labeled oligonucleotide probes.

A novel N-TFA-protected carboxyrhodamine 6G (R6G) phosphoramidite was synthesized for use in an automated DNA synthesis to prepare 5'-labeled oligonucleotides. Deprotection and purification conditions were optimized for 5'-labeled and dual-labeled oligonucleotide probes. As an alternative we synthesized an azide derivative of R6G for CuAAC post-synthetic oligonucleotide labeling.

Emergence of a novel GII.17 norovirus – End of the GII.4 era?

In the winter of 2014/15 a novel GII.P17-GII.17 norovirus strain (GII.

[Evaluation of the efficiency of diagnostic regimens for enterohemorrhagic escherichiasis. Etiological verification of hemolytic uremic syndrome in the Russian Federation].

Aim: To evaluate the practical efficiency of the diagnostic algorithms for enterohemorrhagic escherichiasis, which are laid down by the current normative documents of the Russian Federation.

Subjects And Methods: The investigators estimated the prevalence of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) infection in children with the symptoms of acute enteric infections (AEI) (archival samples) and in those aged less than 5 years with fatal evolution and a history of diarrhea and hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), evaluated the efficiency of bacteriological tests in HUS patients with acute EHEC infection, and comparatively analyzed the documents regulating EHEC surveillance in the Russian Federation and other countries.

Results: Nucleic acid amplification assay showed that the prevalence of EHEC among the hospitalized children was 1.

[Astroviral infection in Russian Federation].

The astroviral infections are considered among the most common pathogens of gastroenteritis in children. The incidence, molecular epidemiology and clinical manifestations of the astrovirus infection in children hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis, in various areas of the Russian Federation from 2004 to 2010 was determined.

[Verotoxin as a major laboratory criterion for Escherichia coli O157-induced enteric infection complicated by hemolytic uremic syndrome in infants in the Omsk region].

The paper presents the results of etiological interpretation of the outbreak of Escherichia coli O157-induced enteric infection complicated by hemolytic uremic syndrome in Omsk in spring 2009. Seventeen infants aged 5 months to 2.5 years were examined; of them 9 patients were on hemodialysis.

Hospital-based surveillance of rotavirus and other viral agents of diarrhea in children and adults in Russia, 2005-2007.

During a 2-year period in 2005-2007, we conducted surveillance of group A rotaviruses and other enteric agents among patients hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis in 8 different cities of the Russian Federation. Fecal specimens were gathered from 3208 children (including 2848 children aged <5 years) and 1354 adults who were admitted to hospitals in Moscow, St. Petersburg, Chelyabinsk, Nizhnii Novgorod, Tyumen, Khabarovsk, Makhachkala, and Yakutsk.

[Norovirus infection in general hospitals for adults].

Aim: To determine the role of noroviruses in the rise of hospital outbreaks of acute intestinal infections (AII), to study clinical and epidemiological aspects of hospital noroviral infection.

Material And Methods: Routine diagnostic methods and diagnostic tests on the base of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were used for identification of group A rotaviruses, noroviruses, astroviruses, adenoviruses, salmonella, thermophilic campilobacteria, shigella, enteroinvasive echerichia (EIEC) in 70 adult patients with AII transferred from general hospital to infection hospital in 2003-2007. A part of the strains was typed with primers specific for genetic cluster G2/4.

[Season and age related structure of acute intestinal infections morbidity in the Russian Federation].

Aim: To study seasonal and age features of etiological structure of acute intestinal infections (AII) in the territory of the RF.

Material And Methods: A total of 7388 AII inpatients aged from 1 day to 90 years from 7 cities (Moscow, St-Petersburg, Nizhniy Novgorod, Chelyabinsk, Tyumen, Makhachkala and Khabarovsk) of the RF participated in a trial conducted from December 2001 to September 2006 The patients were examined with diagnostic tests based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detection of rotaviruses of group A (RVA), noroviruses, astroviruses, adenoviruses, salmonella, termophilic campilobacteria, shigella and enteroinvasive Escherichia coli (EIEC).

Results: The above agents were detected in 72% children and 52% adults.

[Characteristic of the etiologic structure of acute enteric infections in adults based on the data from infectious diseases hospital].

Study of the etiologic spectrum of sporadic cases of causative agents of acute enteric infections (AEI) in 753 patients aged 15-85 years old using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed in the infectious diseases hospital during 12 months. It was shown that detection of the causative agents of AEI by PCR was 2.2 times more effective than routine microbiologic diagnostics supplemented with test of feces on rotavirus by ELISA method and allowed to detect etiologic agent in 54.

[Acute intestinal infections of virus etiology in adults].

Aim: To describe clinical symptoms of sporadic cases of noro- and astroviral infection in adults; to compare a clinical picture and a course of rotaviral infection (R VI), noroviral infection (NVI) and astroviral infection (A VI).

Material And Methods: Reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method was used to examine fecal samples from 1032 patients with acute intestinal infections (All) at the age of 15 to 90 years admitted to the infectious department of the clinic of Chelyabinsk State Medical Academy in 2004-2005. Detectability and severity of some symptoms in R VI, NVI and A VI patients were analysed and clinical manifestations of viral intestinal monoinfections were compared.

[Detection of sapoviruses in children with acute gastroenteritis in Moscow in 2002-2003].

Sapoviruses were found, for the first time, to be circulating in children with acute gastroenteritis in the city of Moscow. On the basis of a genetic analysis, they were classified as belonging to genotypes 1 and 2. Two groups of sapoviruses that are essentially different from the strains presented now at the GenBank NCBI were described within the case study.

[Development and evaluation of the kit for detection of SARS-associated Coronavirus RNA].

Aim: To develop a diagnostic kit for detection of SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome)-related coronavirus RNA based on reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction and to estimate its specificity and sensitivity.

Material And Methods: 68 virus and bacterial cultures, 240 clinical samples from people without SARS symptoms and also 22 RNA samples from patients with SARS symptoms received during the epidemic in Beijing were used.

Results: The specificity of the kit was determined using animal coronaviruses and other bacterial and viral strains, causing acute respiratory and intestinal infections, and was shown to be 100%.

[A combined method for wound treatment based on low intensity irradiation and ultrasound ].

A new combined photoultrasonic technique is suggested for the treatment of infectious injuries. The experiments were implemented on 70 male chinchilla rabbits (7 groups). The dynamics and nature of injuries' healing were analyzed by clinical pathomorphological and histochemical data as well as by biopsy samplings and capillaroscopy of injuries' edges.