Pluronic lecithin organogel (PLO) of diltiazem hydrochloride: effect of solvents/penetration enhancers on ex vivo permeation.

In the present study, pluronic lecithin organogel (PLO) of diltiazem hydrochloride (DZH) was developed by taking different ratios of organic phase to aqueous phase (1:3, 1:4, and 1:5) with varying concentration of soya lecithin (20, 30, and 40 % w/w) in organic phase (isopropyl myristate, IPM) and pluronic (20, 25, and 30 % w/w) in aqueous phase, respectively, and characterized for in vitro parameters and ex vivo permeation study. The results of in vitro parameters were found to be within permissible limit and all the PLOs were physically stable at refrigeration and ambient temperature. The influence of phase ratio and different concentrations of soya lecithin on DZH release from the PLOs was found to be significant (p < 0.

Application of Response Surface Methodology for Design and Optimization of Reservoir-type Transdermal Patch of Simvastatin.

The objective of the present investigation was to develop and optimize reservoir-type of transdermal drug delivery system of Simvastatin using response surface methodology. A total of 17 experimental runs were conducted according to three-factor, three-level Box-Behnken design employing Design expert®2 software to determine the effect of independent variables (simvastatin concentration, percentage of poloxamer 407, and concentration of D-limonene) on cumulative amount of simvastatin permeation through human cadaver skin in 48 h (dependent variable). The experimental data was fitted to different response surface models using multiple regression analysis and observed quadratic model was the best fit model with significant p-value (p꞊0.

Physical means of stratum corneum barrier manipulation to enhance transdermal drug delivery.

Since the approval of first transdermal patch (Transderm Scop(®)) containing scopolamine in 1979, the improvement in systemic drug delivery through skin remains incremental. The traditional methods based on passive diffusion of drug molecules in to the skin are unable to deliver macromolecules, such as peptides, proteins, DNA and vaccines, due to the barrier properties of stratum corneum (SC). During the course of approximately 35 years, the focuses are not only to overcome the above barrier property of the skin but also the safety, accuracy and patient compliance aspect of the traditional methods.