Incidence of Subsequent Injuries Associated with a New Diagnosis of Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo and Effects of Treatment: A Nationwide Cohort Study.

: Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is the most common cause of recurrent vertigo and the most common peripheral vestibular disorder. It is characterized by intense vertigo triggered by head and position changes. This study investigates the risk of subsequent injury in BPPV patients and the effects of treatment.

Open posterior approach versus endoscopic approach for thoracic ligamentum flavum ossification: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Thoracic ossification of the ligamentum flavum (TOLF), a rare condition more prevalent in East Asia, is managed through open and endoscopic surgical approaches. Determining the superior surgical option remains unclear. This study assesses the safety and clinical outcomes associated with these approaches in TOLF patients.

Safety and Tolerability of Intra-Articular Injection of Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells GXCPC1 in 11 Subjects With Knee Osteoarthritis: A Nonrandomized Pilot Study Without a Control Arm.

The current study aimed to determine the safety profile of intra-articular-injected allogeneic adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) GXCPC1 in subjects with knee osteoarthritis (OA) and its preliminary efficacy outcome. The 3 + 3 phase I study was designed with two dose-escalation cohorts: low dose (6.7 × 10 GXCPC1, = 5) and high dose (4 × 10 GXCPC1, = 6).

3D-Cultured Adipose-Derived Stem Cell Spheres Using Calcium-Alginate Scaffolds for Osteoarthritis Treatment in a Mono-Iodoacetate-Induced Rat Model.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease that causes pain, cartilage deformation, and joint inflammation. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are potential therapeutic agents for OA treatment. However, the 2D culture of MSCs could potentially affect their characteristics and functionality.

Mesenchymal Stem Cell Secreted-Extracellular Vesicles are Involved in Chondrocyte Production and Reduce Adipogenesis during Stem Cell Differentiation.

Background: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are derived from internal cellular compartments, and have potential as a diagnostic and therapeutic tool in degenerative disease associated with aging. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have become a promising tool for functional EVs production. This study investigated the efficacy of EVs and its effect on differentiation capacity.

A One-Step, Monolayer Culture and Chemical-Based Approach to Generate Insulin-Producing Cells From Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells to Mitigate Hyperglycemia in STZ-Induced Diabetic Rats.

The global population of individuals afflicted with diabetes mellitus has been increasing year by year, and this disease poses a serious threat to human health as well as the economies worldwide. Pancreatic or islet transplantations provide one of the most effective and long-term therapies available to treat diabetes, but the scarcity and quality of pancreatic islets limit their use in treatments. Here, we report the development of a one-step, monolayer culture, and chemical-based protocol that efficiently mediates the differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) into insulin-producing cells (IPCs).

Intracerebral transplantation of autologous adipose-derived stem cells for chronic ischemic stroke: A phase I study.

Current therapy does not provide significant benefits for patients with chronic stroke. Pre-clinical studies suggested that autologous adipose-derived stem cells have benefits for the treatment of chronic stroke. This Phase I open-label study was conducted to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of autologous adipose-derived stem cells (GXNPC1) in chronic stroke.

Enhanced limonene production in a fast-growing cyanobacterium through combinatorial metabolic engineering.

Terpenoids are a large and diverse group of natural products with commercial applications. Microbial production of terpenes is considered as a feasible approach for the stable supply of these complex hydrocarbons. Cyanobacteria, photosynthetic prokaryotes, are attractive hosts for sustainable bioproduction, because these autotrophs require only light and CO for growth.

Host pre-conditioning improves human adipose-derived stem cell transplantation in ageing rats after myocardial infarction: Role of NLRP3 inflammasome.

Functional decline of stem cell transplantation in ageing hosts is well documented. The mechanism for this is poorly understood, although it is known that advancing age does not provide an optimal milieu for exogenous stem cells to survive, engraft and differentiate. We showed that n-butylidenephthalide improved human adipose-derived stem cell (hADSC) engraftment via attenuating the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS).

Enhanced Bone Formation in Osteoporotic Mice by a Novel Transplant Combined with Adipose-derived Stem Cells and Platelet-rich Fibrin Releasates.

Osteoporotic fracture is the main complication of osteoporosis (OP) and accounts for millions of injuries annually. Local intervention by intra-marrow injection has been a good option for preventing osteoporotic bone loss when the osteoporotic femoral fracture has been treated. In this study, tail vein transplantations were examined to evaluate the cell-based therapeutic approach for treating OP with adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) and platelet-rich fibrin releasates (PRFr) in an ovariectomized (OVX) mice model.

Regenerative Potential of Platelet-Rich Fibrin Releasate Combined with Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cells in a Rat Sciatic Nerve Injury Model.

Sciatic nerve injuries, not uncommon in trauma with a limited degree of functional recovery, are considered a persistent clinical, social, and economic problem worldwide. Accumulating evidence suggests that stem cells can promote the tissue regeneration through various mechanisms. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) and combine with platelet-rich fibrin releasate (PRFr) in the regeneration of sciatic nerve injury in rats.

Single to multiple acoustic vortex excitations in the transition to defect-mediated dust acoustic wave turbulence.

We experimentally investigate the cooperative excitations in the transition from a self-excited three-dimensional ordered plane wave to a defect-mediated turbulence (DMT) state with multiple unstable defect filaments in a dusty plasma system. It is found that, with increasing effective driving, a single acoustic vortex (AV) with positive or negative helicity winding around a long straight defect filament with small wiggling in the 2+1D (dimensional) space-time space starts to emerge along the center axis of the small dust cluster. The sequential ruptures of the crest surfaces from the cluster boundary followed by their reconnection with adjacent ruptured crest surfaces, or repelling one of the pairwise generated defects out of the boundary, are the key for the single AV generation.

Enhanced production of sucrose in the fast-growing cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus UTEX 2973.

Cyanobacteria are attractive microbial hosts for production of chemicals using light and CO. However, their low productivity of chemicals is a major challenge for commercial applications. This is mostly due to their relatively slow growth rate and carbon partitioning toward biomass rather than products.

Transplantation with GXHPC1 for Liver Cirrhosis: Phase 1 Trial.

Currently, the only effective therapy for cirrhosis of the liver is liver transplantation. However, finding a compatible liver is difficult due to the low supply of healthy livers and the ever-increasing demand. However, stem-cell therapy may offer a solution for liver cirrhosis; for example, GXHPC1 therapy preparation contains adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs) and was developed for the treatment of liver cirrhosis.

Remote transplantation of human adipose-derived stem cells induces regression of cardiac hypertrophy by regulating the macrophage polarization in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in hypertension has prognostic significance on cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. Recently, we have shown that n-butylidenephthalide (BP) improves human adipose-derived stem cell (hADSC) engraftment via attenuated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. This prompted us to investigate whether remote transplantation of BP-pretreated hADSCs confers attenuated LVH at an established phase of hypertension.

Preconditioned adipose-derived stem cells ameliorate cardiac fibrosis by regulating macrophage polarization in infarcted rat hearts through the PI3K/STAT3 pathway.

Stem cells can modify macrophage phenotypes; however, the mechanisms remain unclear. We investigated whether n-butylidenephthalide (BP) primed adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) attenuated cardiac fibrosis via regulating macrophage phenotype by a PI3K/STAT3-dependent pathway in postinfarcted rats. Male Wistar rats after coronary ligation were allocated to receive either intramyocardial injection of vehicle, ADSCs (1 × 10 cells), BP-preconditioned ADSCs, (BP + lithium)-preconditioned ADSCs, (BP + LY294002)-preconditioned ADSCs, and (BP + S3I-201)-preconditioned ADSCs.

Engineering cyanobacteria for production of terpenoids.

This review summarizes recent advances in cyanobacterial terpenoid production. The challenges and opportunities of improving terpenoid production by cyanobacteria are discussed. Terpenoids are a diverse group of natural products with a variety of commercial applications.

Interacting Multiscale Acoustic Vortices as Coherent Excitations in Dust Acoustic Wave Turbulence.

In this work, using three-dimensional intermittent dust acoustic wave turbulence in a dusty plasma as a platform and multidimensional empirical mode decomposition into different-scale modes in the 2+1D spatiotemporal space, we demonstrate the experimental observation of the interacting multiscale acoustic vortices, winding around wormlike amplitude hole filaments coinciding with defect filaments, as the basic coherent excitations for acoustic-type wave turbulence. For different decomposed modes, the self-similar rescaled stretched exponential lifetime histograms of amplitude hole filaments, and the self-similar power spectra of dust density fluctuations, indicate that similar dynamical rules are followed over a wide range of scales. In addition to the intermode acoustic vortex pair generation, propagation, or annihilation, the intra- and intermode interactions of acoustic vortices with the same or opposite helicity, their entanglement and synchronization, are found to be the key dynamical processes in acoustic wave turbulence, akin to the interacting multiscale vortices around wormlike cores observed in hydrodynamic turbulence.

Adjustments to Photosystem Stoichiometry and Electron Transfer Proteins Are Key to the Remarkably Fast Growth of the Cyanobacterium UTEX 2973.

At the genome level, UTEX 2973 ( 2973) is nearly identical to the model cyanobacterium PCC 7942 ( 7942) with only 55 single nucleotide differences separating the two strains. Despite the high similarity between the two strains, 2973 grows three times faster, accumulates significantly more glycogen, is tolerant to extremely high light intensities, and displays higher photosynthetic rates. The high homology between the two strains provides a unique opportunity to examine the factors that lead to increased photosynthetic rates.

Metabolic engineering of the pentose phosphate pathway for enhanced limonene production in the cyanobacterium Synechocysti s sp. PCC 6803.

Isoprenoids are diverse natural compounds, which have various applications as pharmaceuticals, fragrances, and solvents. The low yield of isoprenoids in plants makes them difficult for cost-effective production, and chemical synthesis of complex isoprenoids is impractical. Microbial production of isoprenoids has been considered as a promising approach to increase the yield.

Obliquely Deposited Gold Nanohelices on Lithography-Free Prepared Nanoseeded Surfaces.

A substrate surface on which gold particles are distributed is prepared by annealing an ultra-thin gold film to enable glancing angle deposition. By cooling the substrate and controlling its spin rate, two spiral-like and one screw-like gold nanohelix arrays are grown upon the seeded surfaces. The mean helix radius and pitch length are reduced to 17 and 55 nm, respectively.

Targeting the pathway of GSK-3β/nerve growth factor to attenuate post-infarction arrhythmias by preconditioned adipose-derived stem cells.

Adipose-derived stem cell (ADSC) transplantation is a promising new therapy to improve cardiac function after myocardial infarction. However, its low efficacy of transdifferentiation hampers its usefulness. Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) signal has been shown to play a role in preconditioning-induced cardioprotection.

Commercial Production of Autologous Stem Cells and Their Therapeutic Potential for Liver Cirrhosis.

Human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) are a promising source of autologous stem cells for personalized cell-based therapies. Culture expansion of ADSCs provides an attractive opportunity for liver cirrhosis patients. However, safety and stability issues can pose big challenges for personalized autologous stem cell products.