Automated identification and quantification of metastatic brain tumors and perilesional edema based on a deep learning neural network.

Purpose: This paper presents a deep learning model for use in the automated segmentation of metastatic brain tumors and associated perilesional edema.

Methods: The model was trained using Gamma Knife surgical data (90 MRI sets from 46 patients), including the initial treatment plan and follow-up images (T1-weighted contrast-enhanced (T1cWI) and T2-weighted images (T2WI)) manually annotated by neurosurgeons to indicate the target tumor and edema regions. A mask region-based convolutional neural network was used to extract brain parenchyma, after which the DeepMedic 3D convolutional neural network was in the segmentation of tumors and edemas.

Hyperbolic Polaritons in Topological Nodal Ring Semimetals.

In mirror-symmetric systems, there is a possibility of the realization of extended gapless electronic states characterized as nodal lines or rings. Strain induced modifications to these states lead to the emergence of different classes of nodal rings with qualitatively different physical properties. Here we study optical response and the electromagnetic wave propagation in type I nodal ring semimetals, in which the low-energy quasiparticle dispersion is parabolic in momentum k_{x} and k_{y} and is linear in k_{z}.

2D gapless topological superfluids generated by pairing phases.

We systematically investigate the ground state phase diagram and the finite temperature phase transitions for a Rydberg-dressed Fermi gas loaded in a bilayer optical lattice. When an effective finite-ranged attraction is induced, our self-consistent mean-field calculation shows that the gapped topological (-wave) superfluids in each layer are coupled together by the-wave pairing in an intermediate inter-layer distance with a spontaneously modulated phases between these two order parameters. The obtained ground state is a gapless topological superfluid with quantized topological charges characterizing the gapless points, leading to a zero energy flat band at the edges.

Proximity-Effect-Induced Anisotropic Superconductivity in a Monolayer Ni-Pb Binary Alloy.

A proximity effect facilitates the penetration of Cooper pairs that permits superconductivity in a normal metal, offering a promising approach to turn heterogeneous materials into superconductors and develop exceptional quantum phenomena. Here, we have systematically investigated proximity-induced anisotropic superconductivity in a monolayer Ni-Pb binary alloy by combining scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy (STM/STS) with theoretical calculations. By means of high-temperature growth, the Ni-Pb surface alloy has been fabricated on Pb(111) and the appearance of a domain boundary as well as a structural phase transition can be deduced from a half-unit-cell lattice displacement.

Evolution of Entanglement Spectra under Generic Quantum Dynamics.

We characterize the early stages of the approach to equilibrium in isolated quantum systems through the evolution of the entanglement spectrum. We find that the entanglement spectrum of a subsystem evolves with three distinct timescales. First, on an o(1) timescale, independent of system or subsystem size and the details of the dynamics, the entanglement spectrum develops nearest-neighbor level repulsion.

Nodal-chain network, intersecting nodal rings and triple points coexisting in nonsymmorphic BaSi.

Coexistence of topological elements in topological metals/semimetals (TMs) has gradually attracted attention. However, non-topological factors always interfere with the Fermi surface and cover interesting topological properties. Here, we find that Ba3Si4 is a "clean" TM which contains coexisting nodal-chain networks, intersecting nodal rings (INRs) and triple points, in the absence of spin-orbit coupling (SOC).

Skyrme Insulators: Insulators at the Brink of Superconductivity.

Current theories of superfluidity are based on the idea of a coherent quantum state with topologically protected quantized circulation. When this topological protection is absent, as in the case of ^{3}He-A, the coherent quantum state no longer supports persistent superflow. Here, we argue that the loss of topological protection in a superconductor gives rise to an insulating ground state.

Profuse unilateral hyperhidrosis induced by urinary retention in a stroke patient.

Introduction: The diagnosis of urinary retention in stroke patients is challenging because their symptoms may be subtle, or go unnoticed. Furthermore, patients suffering from aphasia or impaired cognition often have difficulties communicating urination problems, leading to their urinary retention being overlooked.

Case Report: We report a 53-year-old man with bilateral pontine hemorrhage resulting in incomplete locked-in syndrome.

Quantitative measures of functional outcomes and quality of life in patients with C5 palsy.

Background: It is generally understood that postoperative C5 palsy can occur with anterior or posterior decompression surgery, but functional measures of the palsy have not been well documented. This study aimed to investigate the incidence of C5 palsy in different surgical procedures, examine the correlations between muscle strength, upper extremity functional measures, and health-related quality of life, and to observe potential risk factors contributing to C5 palsy.

Methods: Our investigation involved a retrospective study design.

Vibrationally assisted electron transfer mechanism of olfaction: myth or reality?

Smell is a vital sense for animals. The mainstream explanation of smell is based on recognition of the odorant molecules through characteristics of their surface, e.g.

Bilateral sciatic neuropathy as a complication of craniotomy performed in the sitting position: localization of nerve injury by using magnetic resonance imaging.

Introduction: Sciatic neuropathy is a rare but serious complication following surgery performed in the sitting position.

Methods: We report a case of a 12-year-old boy who developed bilateral sciatic neuropathy after a 9-h-long craniotomy while in the sitting position.

Results: Magnetic resonance imaging for the lower extremities revealed bilateral swelling of the sciatic nerves near the ischial tuberosities.