Human iPSC-Derived Neurons as A Platform for Deciphering the Mechanisms behind Brain Aging.

With an increased life expectancy among humans, aging has recently emerged as a major focus in biomedical research. The lack of in vitro aging models-especially for neurological disorders, where access to human brain tissues is limited-has hampered the progress in studies on human brain aging and various age-associated neurodegenerative diseases at the cellular and molecular level. In this review, we provide an overview of age-related changes in the transcriptome, in signaling pathways, and in relation to epigenetic factors that occur in senescent neurons.

Disruption of Cytosolic Folate Integrity Aggravates Resistance to Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors and Modulates Metastatic Properties in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Cells.

Patients with advanced-stage non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are susceptible to malnutrition and develop folate deficiency (FD). We previously found that folate deprivation induces drug resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma; here, we assessed whether disrupted cytoplasmic folate metabolism could mimic FD-induced metastasis and affect the sensitivity of NSCLC cells to epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs). We examined whether cytosolic folate metabolism in NSCLC cells was disrupted by FD or the folate metabolism blocker pemetrexed for 1-4 weeks.

N-butylidenephthalide attenuates Alzheimer's disease-like cytopathy in Down syndrome induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons.

Down syndrome (DS) patients with early-onset dementia share similar neurodegenerative features with Alzheimer's disease (AD). To recapitulate the AD cell model, DS induced pluripotent stem cells (DS-iPSCs), reprogrammed from mesenchymal stem cells in amniotic fluid, were directed toward a neuronal lineage. Neuroepithelial precursor cells with high purity and forebrain characteristics were robustly generated on day 10 (D10) of differentiation.

Strontium ranelate in fracture healing and joint pain improvement in a rheumatoid arthritis patient.

Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by cartilage and bone destruction leading to functional disability. Patients with rheumatoid arthritis also are inclined to have lower bone density and to develop osteoporosis, a condition that leaves them more prone to fractures. With improper care, these incapacitated patients can develop increased morbidity and mortality.

Chylous hip joint effusion and bone absorption after total hip arthroplasty in a patient with chylocolporrhoea: a case of Gorham's disease.

Chyle is a sterile, milky fluid consisting of lymph and emulsified fats that is formed in the small intestines and taken up by lymph vessels. Chylous effusions usually occur after destruction or obstruction of lymphatic channels, and chylous joint effusions have been reported in association with rheumatoid and/or septic arthritis, and as the result of penetrating trauma to subsynovial fatty tissue and the intra-articular fat pad. We report a case of bone absorption and lytic change in the femur associated with a chylous hip joint effusion after a total hip arthroplasty (THA) in a patient with chylocolporrhoea and a history of chylous ascites.

Directional/acidic dissolution kinetics of (OH,F,Cl)-bearing apatite.

Directional dissolution of a natural (OH,F,Cl)-bearing apatite has been studied at various solution pH values (0-3) and 30 degrees C. This apatite showed abnormally high O--H stretching frequencies due to the substitution of Cl for OH. The advance of dissolution front indicated that steady-state directional dissolution for pH = 0-2 followed an apparent rate law of Rate = ka(H+) (n) (in mole/m(2)h), where the rate constants (k) are 2.

A sonography assisted technique for the removal of a femoral interlocking nail--a technical note.

Background: Open methods for removal of femoral interlocking nails involve an incision (up to 10 cm) over the trochanter to find the tip of the nail. The distal locking screws are some times difficult to palpate and an incision (up to about 5 cm) is often needed for exposure. Intra-operative fluoroscopy is often used as an adjunct technique to minimize the surgical wound.

Complications of locked nailing in humeral shaft fractures.

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the complications of humeral locked nailing.

Methods: Between 1994 and 2000, 161 humeral shaft fractures (98 acute fractures and 63 delayed unions or nonunions) in 159 patients treated with humeral locked nails were followed up for an average of 25.4 months.