Efficient estimation of the cox model when incorporating the subgroup restricted mean survival time.

The restricted mean survival time has been widely used in the field of medical research because of its clear physical and simple clinical interpretation. In this paper, we propose an efficient estimation that incorporates the auxiliary restricted mean survival information into the estimation of the proportional hazard (PH) model. Compared to conventional models that do not incorporate available auxiliary information, the proposed method improves efficiency in estimating regression parameters by utilizing the double empirical likelihood method.

Pharmacokinetic effect of disease severity and use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in critically ill Asian patients receiving vancomycin.

Purpose: Vancomycin is an essential antibiotic for the treatment of severe gram-positive bacterial infections, including methicillin-resistant (MRSA). In critically ill patients, particularly children, attaining the appropriate dosage is crucial to avert drug resistance and ensure therapeutic efficacy. This study sought to investigate the pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in critically ill Asian pediatric patients and evaluate the influence of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and disease severity on vancomycin clearance.

Malignant Giant Cell Tumor of Bone: A Clinicopathologic Series of 28 Cases Highlighting Genetic Differences Compared With Conventional, Atypical, and Metastasizing Conventional Tumors.

Giant cell tumors of bone are locally aggressive, frequently harbor H3F3A p.G34W mutations, and rarely undergo malignant transformation. The pathogenesis of malignant transformation remains incompletely characterized.

Tissue Doppler Imaging Provides Incremental Value in Predicting Six Months In-Stent Restenosis in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease.

Invasive coronary angiography is the gold standard for assessing in-stent restenosis (ISR) in patients with coronary artery disease. However, the predictive value of non-invasive Tissue Doppler Imaging (TDI) to evaluate patients with ISR has not been studied extensively. A total of 41 patients (19 with acute myocardial infarction and 22 with stable angina pectoris) who received percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were enrolled in the study.

Texture Analysis in Musculoskeletal Ultrasonography: A Systematic Review.

The objective of this systematic review was to summarize the findings of texture analyses of musculoskeletal ultrasound images and synthesize the information to facilitate the use of texture analysis on assessing skeletal muscle quality in various pathophysiological conditions. Medline, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases were searched from their inception until January 2025 using the PRISMA Diagnostic Test Accuracy and was registered at PROSPERO CRD42025636613. Information related to patients, interventions, ultrasound settings, texture analyses, muscles, and findings were extracted.

Understanding East-West differences in subsolid nodules: prevalence and overdiagnosis implications in lung cancer screening.

Background: Owing to the widespread opportunistic LDCT screening leading to increased overdiagnosis in Asian countries, such as South Korea, mainland China, and Taiwan, this study seeks to analyze the divergence in SSN prevalence between Eastern and Western nations, focusing on the influence of SSN on the growing overdiagnosis trend, notably among females.

Methods: This retrospective study collected data from 4166 participants who underwent baseline LDCT in a hospital-based cohort between January 2014 and August 2021. Clinical parameters, including age, sex, lung imaging reporting and data system (Lung-RADS) categories, smoking history, pack-year dose, and SSN characteristics, were extracted from electronic medical records.

Inner Ear Multiple Primary Cell Type Detection System.

In vitro inner ear organoids gene therapy has advanced medical development, yet extracting inner ear primary cells (IEP) remains complex and needs to scarify mice. IEP cells contain multiple cell types, including progenitor cells, which can differentiate into hair-progenitor or neuro-progenitor cells. Accurate cell detection is essential to understand cell interactions and optimize culture conditions, ultimately reducing the sacrifice of mice.

The incidence and cause of reoperation for complications after volar locking plate fixation of distal radial fractures.

Background: Distal radial fractures are the most common upper extremity fractures. Volar locking plate fixation has become the standard surgical treatment, providing stable angular fixation, early rehabilitation, and effective support for comminuted and osteopenic bones. This study aimed to analyze the incidence and causes of major complications requiring secondary surgeries following volar plating for distal radial fractures and to investigate the correlation between demographic factors and postoperative outcomes, including major complications and reoperation.

Myeloid-derived IL-33 drives γδ T cell-dependent resistance against cutaneous infection by Strongyloides ratti.

Interleukin 33 (IL-33) is a pleiotropic cytokine released from diverse cell types that regulate both pro- and anti-inflammatory responses during pathogen infection. However, it remains unclear whether IL-33 controls key aspects of cutaneous immunity against skin-penetrating parasites. In this study, mice percutaneously infected with the parasitic helminth Strongyloides ratti were investigated to understand mechanisms of anamnestic immunity at the skin barrier.

Identification and Seasonal Abundance of Web- and Air-Borne Sex Pheromone Components of Western Black Widow Spiders, Latrodectus hesperus.

Sex pheromones mediate mate location in many animal taxa. Widow spider males are attracted to sex pheromones disseminating from female webs. Upon arrival on a web, males court in response to web-borne contact pheromone components.

An adaptive, continuous substrate feeding strategy based on evolved gas to improve fed-batch ethanol fermentation.

Advances in the ethanol fermentation process are essential to improving the performance of bioethanol production. Fed-batch fermentation is a promising approach to increase the final ethanol titer, which benefits the recovery in the bioethanol industry's downstream process. However, the development of feeding strategies, a crucial control variable in the fed-batch approach, is limited.

The impact of COPD-bronchiectasis association on clinical outcomes: insights from East Asian cohorts validating the ROSE criteria.

Background: The radiology, obstruction, symptoms and exposure (ROSE) criteria provide a standardised approach for identifying the "COPD-bronchiectasis (BE) association." However, the clinical implications and outcomes of the COPD-BE association in East Asian populations remain unclear. Our study applied the ROSE criteria to assess the prevalence, clinical impact and outcomes of the COPD-BE association in an East Asian cohort, and compared that cohort with nonsmoking BE patients with fixed airflow obstruction (FAO) and those without FAO.

Alterations in PD-L1 succinylation shape anti-tumor immune responses in melanoma.

Tumors undergo metabolic reprogramming to meet the energetic, synthetic and redox demands essential for malignancy, often characterized by increased glycolysis and lactate production. However, the role of mitochondrial metabolism in tumor immunity remains unclear. The present study integrates spatial transcriptomics, bulk transcriptomics and proteomics, revealing a strong link between the metabolite succinyl-CoA and tumor immunity as well as the efficacy of anti-programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) therapy in patients with melanoma.

The influence of fluid resuscitation strategy on outcomes from dengue shock syndrome: a review of the management of 691 children in 7 Southeast Asian hospitals.

Introduction: The pathognomonic feature of dengue shock syndrome (DSS) is a transient capillary leak syndrome resulting in profound intravascular volume depletion. WHO management guidelines recommend particular parenteral fluid regimens during the critical leakage phase, including synthetic colloid solutions in certain circumstances. We set out to describe the actual fluid management strategies employed in different settings and to investigate relationships with clinical outcomes.

Japanese Phase 1 Study for Global Development of Anti-TL1A Antibody PF-06480605: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Single-Ascending Dose Study.

PF-06480605, a fully human IgG1 monoclonal antibody targeting tumor necrosis factor α-like ligand 1A (TL1A), has demonstrated acceptable safety and the potential as an effective treatment for inflammatory bowel disease in phase 1/2a studies. To facilitate future clinical development in Japan and China, a Japan local phase 1 study was designed in consultation with the Japan regulatory authority. In addition to fulfilling Japan regulatory requirements, this study will bring operational efficiency and speed to global and China development by evaluating PF-06480605 in Japanese healthy adults prior to a China local phase 1 study as required by the China regulatory authority.

Efficacy of atezolizumab combined with platinum and etoposide in the treatment of extrapulmonary neuroendocrine carcinoma.

Background: Neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) is an aggressive, poorly differentiated Grade 3 (G3) tumor with high nuclear and cellular atypia and Ki-67 indices over 20%. While most cases are lung NECs, extrapulmonary NECs are rarer and less studied. Standard treatment involves etoposide and platinum (EP) chemotherapy.

Facile Synthesis of Ultramicroporous Organic-Linked Zincophosphate with High Thermal, Chemical and Water Stabilities.

The application of ultramicroporous materials for CO2 separation is limited by the rarity of materials exhibiting stability and rapid scale-up characteristics. In this study, we propose a rational approach to enhance the structural stability and durability of the pillared layer structure. Through the topotactic replacement of protons with metal ions in the parent 4,4'-bipyridine (bpy)-pillared zincophosphate, we observed the formation of edge-sharing dimers of ZnO4N and PO4, as well as the insertion of (VOH2O)2+ into the zinc phosphate layers.

Potent antiviral activity of simnotrelvir against key epidemic SARS-CoV-2 variants with a high resistance barrier.

Simnotrelvir is an oral small-molecule antiviral agent targeting the 3C-like protease (3CL) of SARS-CoV-2, proven effective against the Delta variant with favorable pharmacokinetics and safety in preclinical study. In this study, we further evaluated the antiviral efficacy of simnotrelvir against a range of emerging Omicron variants, including BA.1, BA.

Effect of Temporary Anchorage Devices on class II anterior open bite malocclusion patient.

Key Clinical Message: Temporary Anchorage Devices-supported molar intrusion can be an effective non-surgical alternative for treating Class II anterior open bite in skeletally mature patients, resulting in an improved occlusal relationship and enhanced chin projection through forward autorotation of the mandible.

Abstract: Temporary Anchorage Devices are titanium alloy miniscrews utilized to provide maximum orthodontic anchorage during the correction of various malocclusions. This case report examined the use of TADs to support posterior intrusion while correcting a patient's Class II anterior open bite malocclusion in support of the patient's request to avoid surgical intervention.

Surface Expansion Regionalization of the Hippocampus in Early Brain Development.

The hippocampal formation is implicated in a myriad of crucial functions, particularly centered around memory and emotion, with distinct subdivisions fulfilling specific roles. However, there is no consensus on the spatial organization of these subdivisions, given that the functional connectivity and gene expression-based parcellation along its longitudinal axis differs from the histology-based parcellation along its medial-lateral axis. The dynamic nonuniform surface expansion of the hippocampus during early development reflects the underlying changes of microstructure and functional connectivity, providing important clues on hippocampal subdivisions.

Use of Sodium-Glucose Transport Protein 2 Inhibitors and the Incidence of Urolithiasis: A Multi-Database and Cross-Country Study in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

The benefits of sodium-glucose transport protein 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) use on severe urolithiasis requiring surgery remains unclear. All patients with incident T2D in Taiwan National Health Institution databases (2016-2021) and TriNetX datasets (2014-2023) were retrospectively analyzed. The study analyzed a propensity score-matched pairs with T2D treated with SGLT2i or dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors (DPP4i).

Does travel time matter?: predictors of transportation vulnerability and access to HIV care among people living with HIV in South Carolina.

Background: People living with HIV (PLHIV) in the southern United States (US) are at high risk for poor outcomes across the HIV care continuum leading to low rates of viral suppression. Understanding structural barriers to care-including transportation vulnerability-is critical to improve HIV outcomes. This study investigated relationships between travel time to HIV care, transportation vulnerability, and HIV care disruptions to inform future transportation interventions for PLHIV residing in South Carolina and other southern US states.

Elastase Reduces Background Autofluorescence in ALK Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization Assays for Lung Cancers.

Background: Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitors have been effective in treating non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) with ALK translocation. However, high background autofluorescence in lung tissues interferes with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assays, masking molecular probe signals and hindering data interpretation.

Materials And Methods: To reduce autofluorescence, NSCLC tissue sections were treated with various proteases, including collagenase types I, II, IV, and elastase, to determine the most effective enzyme.