Synthesis of pentameric chlorotin carboxylate clusters for high resolution EUV photoresists under small doses.

This work reports the synthesis and characterization of a novel pentameric tin chloro cluster, (vinylSn)SnClO(OH)(-BuCO) (1), and explores its application as an efficient negative-tone photoresist in a 1 : 2 weight ratio blend with [(-BuSn)O(OH)](BF) (2). Through e-beam lithography, a small high-resolution pattern (HP = 20 nm) is achieved for the blend photoresist (3) at a dose of 2080 μC cm. Additionally, EUV lithography demonstrates the development of a high-resolution pattern (HP = 16 nm) at an EUV dose of 70 mJ cm.

Highly hydroxylated hafnium clusters are accessible to high resolution EUV photoresists under small energy doses.

This work reports the success in accessing high-resolution negative-tone EUV photoresists without radical chain growth in the aggregation mechanism. The synthesis of a highly hydroxylated HfO(OH)(RCO) cluster 3 (R = -butyl or -Bu) is described; its EUV performance enables high resolution patterns HP = 18 nm under only 30 mJ cm. This photoresist also achieves high resolution patterns for e-beam lithography.

Novel hexameric tin carboxylate clusters as efficient negative-tone EUV photoresists: high resolution with well-defined patterns under low energy doses.

Synthesis of two novel tin carboxylate clusters (RSn)(R'CO)OCl is described, and their structures have been characterized by X-ray diffraction. These clusters have irregular ladder geometry to form very smooth films with small surface roughness (RMS <0.7 nm) over a large domain.

Automatic and objective oral cancer diagnosis by Raman spectroscopic detection of keratin with multivariate curve resolution analysis.

We have developed an automatic and objective method for detecting human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) tissues with Raman microspectroscopy. We measure 196 independent Raman spectra from 196 different points of one oral tissue sample and globally analyze these spectra using a Multivariate Curve Resolution (MCR) analysis. Discrimination of OSCC tissues is automatically and objectively made by spectral matching comparison of the MCR decomposed Raman spectra and the standard Raman spectrum of keratin, a well-established molecular marker of OSCC.

Low-fluence rate, long duration photodynamic therapy in glioma mouse model using organic light emitting diode (OLED).

Background: The treatment of gliomas poses significant clinical challenges due to resistance to chemo and radiation therapy, and treatment side effects. Metronomic photodynamic therapy (mPDT), which involves long treatment time with low fluence rate and multiple or continuous photosensitizer administrations, has potential in treating gliomas without threatening the quality of life and has been demonstrated in rats and rabbits. mPDT in small animals such as mouse is not yet shown due to lack of lightweight illumination device for long periods of time.

Quantitative physiology and immunohistochemistry of oral lesions.

Angiogenesis and hypoxia are reported to correlate with tumor aggressiveness. In this study, we investigated the potential of optically measured total hemoglobin concentration (THC) and blood oxygen saturation (StO2) as a quantitative measure of angiogenesis and hypoxia in oral lesions with an immunohistochemical comparison. 12 normal subjects and 40 oral patients (22 oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), 18 benign/premalignant lesions including 11 verrucous hyperplasia (VH) and 7 hyperkeratosis/parakeratosis (HK)) were studied.