Flavan-Benzofurans from : Their Intracellular Antioxidant Activity and Molecular Docking to Glutathione Reductase.

Phytochemical investigation of Buch.-Ham (Moraceae) leaves led to the identification of three of the rarely found flavan-benzofuranes named artocarpinol C (), 3--artocarpinol C (), and artocarpinol D () along with six known flavan derivatives. Thus, a total of six artocarpinols are now described.

Fluorescent molecular rotors as versatile in situ sensors for protein quantitation.

Accurate protein quantitation is essential for many cellular mechanistic studies. Existing technology relies on extrinsic sample evaluation that requires significant volumes of sample as well as addition of assay-specific reagents and importantly, is a terminal analysis. This study exploits the unique chemical features of a fluorescent molecular rotor that fluctuates between twisted-to-untwisted states, with a subsequent intensity increase in fluorescence depending on environmental conditions (e.

Yellow Twig (Nauclea orientalis) from Thailand: Strictosamide as the Key Alkaloid of This Plant Species.

Comprehensive phytochemical examination from different perspectives using preparative and analytical chromatographic techniques combined with spectroscopic/spectrometric methods of the so-called “yellow twig” Nauclea orientalis (L.) L. (Rubiaceae) led to the identification of 13 tryptamine-derived (=monoterpene-indole) alkaloids.

Insecticidal activity of isolated gingerols and shogaols from Roscoe rhizomes against spp. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).

The discovery of eco-friendly plant-based insecticides is currently booming in research with an attempt to replace synthetic chemical insecticides causing tremendous adverse effects. The present work studied the insecticidal potential of ginger, an important medicinal plant. Four crude extracts from rhizomes were evaluated for their contact toxicity against second instars of , and using the topical application.

Combination of H and C NMR for quantitative analysis of the orange pigments produced by KB9.

Two orange pigments, rubropunctatin () and monascorubrin (), along with the yellow pigments, monascin () and ankaflavin (), were isolated from KB9-fermented rice, also known as red yeast rice. The orange pigments exhibit a broad spectrum of biological activities and appeared to be the major components of this fermented rice. In this work, quantitative H NMR (qHNMR) and C NMR experiments were used to determine the amounts of the two orange pigments in a crude extract in which most of the H NMR signals of the two compounds were indistinguishable.

Insecticidal and growth inhibitory effects of some thymol derivatives on the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and their impact on detoxification enzymes.

Background: Thymol is a known natural product with insecticidal activity against several insect species. A recent study on structural modifications of thymol to thymyl esters and their efficacy against Spodoptera litura suggested that such an approach could develop generalized novel insecticides/insect growth inhibitors and requires further studies to establish the efficacy against lepidopterans.

Results: Thymol and structurally modified eight esters were evaluated against beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua using the topical application.

Highly Aromatic Flavan-3-ol Derivatives from Palaeotropical Buch.-Ham Possess Radical Scavenging and Antiproliferative Properties.

Phytochemical investigation of leaves and stembark of collected in Thailand resulted in three yet undescribed isomeric flavan-3-ol derivatives (-), the four known compounds gambircatechol (), (+)-catechin (), (+)-afzelechin () and the stilbene oxyresveratrol (). Compounds to feature 6/6/5/6/5/6 core structures. All structures were deduced by NMR and MS, while density functional theory (DFT) calculations on B3LYP theory level were performed of compounds to to support the stereochemistry in positions 2 and 3 in the C-ring.

A Novel Insecticidal Molecule Extracted from with Potential to Control the Pest Insect .

, a highly polyphagous insect pest from America, has recently invaded and widely spread throughout Africa and Asia. Effective and environmentally safe tools are needed for successful pest management of this invasive species. Natural molecules extracted from plants offer this possibility.

Insecticidal activity of isolated phenylpropanoids from rhizomes against .

Botanical insecticides as a means of controlling insects present an alternative approach that is safer than the use of synthetic insecticides. The present study identified the insecticidal activity of extracts of the rhizomes of (L.) Willd.

Synthesis of thymyl esters and their insecticidal activity against Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).

Background: Thymol, a natural phenolic monoterpene originating from Thymus vulgaris, is recognized as a safe and potent botanical insecticide to many insects. The structural modification of thymol into thymyl esters is a potential approach for the development of novel insecticides, which showed more toxicity than thymol. However, there are no reports on the insecticidal activity of thymyl esters to control Spodoptera litura.

Effect of Plant Essential Oils and Their Major Constituents on Cypermethrin Tolerance Associated Detoxification Enzyme Activities in Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).

Essential oils are well known to act as biopesticides. This research evaluated the acute toxicity and synergistic effect of essential oil compounds in combination with cypermethrin against Spodoptera litura Fabricius (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). The effects of distillation extracts of essential oils from Alpinia galanga Zingiberaceae (Zingiberales) rhizomes and Ocimum basilicum Lamiaceae (Lamiales) leaves; one of their primary essential oil compounds 1,8-cineole; and linalool were studied on second-instar S.

The Study of Isolated Alkane Compounds and Crude Extracts From Sphagneticola trilobata (Asterales: Asteraceae) as a Candidate Botanical Insecticide for Lepidopteran Larvae.

The antifeedant and contact toxicity of Sphagneticola trilobata L. (Asterales: Asteraceae) extracts and isolated alkane compounds were investigated. Leaves of S.

The Possibility of Using Isolated Alkaloid Compounds and Crude Extracts of Piper retrofractum (Piperaceae) as Larvicidal Control Agents for Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) Larvae.

Culex quinquefasciatus is a common domestic mosquito that is widespread in many areas of Thailand and serves as a southeastern vector of Japanese encephalitis. The present study investigated the acute toxicity of crude extracts and alkaloid compounds of Piper retrofractum (Piperales: Piperaceae) in Cx. quinquefasciatus third instar larvae.

TOXICITY OF THE SEEDS OF PHASEOLUS LATHYROIDES (LEGUMINOSAE) AGAINST SPODOPTERA LITURA (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE).

The seeds of Phaseolus lathyroides were extracted with hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and methanol, respectively by Soxhlet apparatus. Each crude extract was examined for toxicity against the second instars of Spodoptera litura using a topical application method under laboratory conditions. The ethyl acetate extract showed the most effective mortality (LD₅₀ = 11,964 and 9,169 ppm after treated at 24 and 48 hours, respectively).

INSECTICIDAL ACTIVITIES OF THYMOL ON EGG PRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT IN THE DIAMONDBACK MOTH, PLUTELLA XYLOSTELLA (LEPIDOPTERA).

The insecticidal activity of thymol was evaluated in the laboratory against third instar Plutella xylostella by topical application. Our previous results described mortality in P. xylostella by thymol and the present study continues investigation for its possible efficacy on egg production and development in surviving treated P.

[BIO-INSECTICIDAL ACTIVITY OF ALPINIA GALANGA (L.) ON LARVAL DEVELOPMENT OF SPODOPTERA LITURA (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE).

The aim of the study was to assess the bio-efficacy of four Alpinia galanga rhizome crude extracts against the second and third instars of Spodoptera litura, an important field pest. The growth of younger larvae was significantly affected while that of the older larval stage was less influenced. In both stages, the methanol crude extract showed the greatest efficiency which caused the highest number of abnormal adults to occur and produced a large LD₅₀ value (12.

EFFECTS OF AZADIRACHTIN ON CUTICULAR PROTEINS OF SPODOPTERA LITURA (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) VIS-A-VIS THE MODES OF APPLICATION.

Azadirachtin is a known botanical insecticide with multiple modes of action. Whether these effects have any relation with the modes of application, specifically during ecdysis process, has been the objective of the present study and accordingly the impairment, if any, among cuticular proteins of Spodoptera litura (Fab.) was determined.

ANTIFEEDANT ACTIVITY OF CRUDE EXTRACTS FROM STEMS AND LEAVES OF TADEHAGI TRIQUETRUM (L.) OHASHI AND SEEDS OF PHASEOLUS LATHYROIDES AGAINST HELICOVERPA ARMIGERA HÜBNER (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE).

Efficacy of hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and methanol crude extracts of stems and leaves of Tudehagi triquetrum (Legumin: Papilionaceae) and seeds of Phaseolus lathyroides (Leguminiale: Papilionaceae) was examined for the antifeedant activity against third instars larvae of Helicoverpa armigera using leaf disc no-choice method in the range of 0 to 2% concentrations for 6 and 12 hours. The ethyl acetate extract from T. triquetrum was the most effective at 6 hours with FI50 of 0.

BIOEFFICACY OF PIPER RIBESIOIDES (PIPERACEAE) EXTRACTS AGAINST NILAPARVATA LUGENS STAL. (HOMOPTERA: DELPHACIDAE).

The extracts of stem and seeds of Piper ribesioides (Piperaceae) were prepared in hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and ethanol and evaluated for their efficacy against 3-day-old adult brown plant hoppers, Nilaparvata lugens Stal under laboratory conditions. The treatment was given topically and results suggest the dose dependent response related to exposure time. The ethyl acetate extract was the best with an LC50 = 738 ppm-, 24 h post-treatment.

TOXICITY OF ALPINIA GALANGA (ZINGIBERACEAE) RHIZOME EXTRACTS AGAINST SPODOPTERA LITURA (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE).

The objective of this study was to develop an alternative strategy for the control of Spodoptera litura larvae by using botanical insecticides. Rhizomes of Alpinia galanga were extracted with hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and methanol, respectively. Each crude extract was examined for toxicity against the second instars of S.

Bio efficacy of some piperaceae plant extracts against Plutella xylostella L. (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae).

The extracts of Piper sarmentosum Roxb., Piper retrofractum Vahl, Piper interruptum Opiz and Piper nigrum plants belonging to the family Piperaceae were evaluated for their efficacy against diamondback moth, Plutello xylostella L. third instars under laboratory conditions.

Toxicological study of Wedelia trilobata (Asteraceae) extracts as alternative control strategies for Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae).

The Diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella (L)) is an economically important pest in Thailand and the indiscriminant use of chemical pesticides against this pest has been responsible for environmental hazards. Present research, therefore, is trying to develop alternative strategies by using plant based-products for the control of this pest. Wedelia trilobata (L) Hitchc extracts prepared in hexane, dichloroethane, ethyl acetate and ethanol were used initially against the second instars of P.

Bioefficacy of Alpinia galanga (Zingiberaceae) rhizome extracts, (E)-p-acetoxycinnamyl alcohol, and (E)-p-coumaryl alcohol ethyl ether against Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae) and the impact on detoxification enzyme activities.

The application of insecticides to control oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel (Diptera: Tephritidae), is a principal component of the current management of these fruit flies. However, we evaluated four extracts of Alpinia galanga Wild Linn (Zingiberaceae) rhizomes against adult flies and found hexane and ethanol extracts to be most effective (LC50 = 4,866 and 6,337 ppm, respectively, after 24 h). This suggested that both nonpolar and polar compounds could be active in the candidate plant.

Synthesis and conformation of chiral biheteroaryls.

Bridging 2,3 and 2',3' positions in 2,2'-dihydroxy-1,1'-binaphthyl and 2,2'-diamino-1,1'-binaphthyl, respectively, resulted in formation of chiral O- and N-bis-tricyclic compounds accessible in 4 steps from known 3,3'-diiodo precursors. In both cases, 2-fold ring closing metathesis of tetraallyl intermediates proceeded regioselectively to give tetrahydrobinaphtho[2,3-b]oxepine and -azepine, respectively. In case of the N-mesyl-N-allyl precursor, three, at room temperature separable, rotamers were isolated and characterized by NMR spectroscopy and X-ray structure determination.