Pneumococcal Septic Arthritis among Adults, France, 2010-2018.

Streptococcus pneumoniae infection is considered an uncommon cause of arthritis in adults. To determine the clinical and microbiological characteristics of pneumococcal septic arthritis, we retrospectively studied a large series of cases among adult patients during the 2010-2018 conjugate vaccine era in France. We identified 110 patients (56 women, 54 men; mean age 65 years), and cases included 82 native joint infections and 28 prosthetic joint infections.

Longitudinal two-year comparative genomic analysis of respiratory Staphylococcus aureus isolates from intensive care unit mechanically ventilated patients.

Background: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is the main healthcare-associated infection in intensive care units with Staphylococcus aureus as the first pathogen in early VAP.

Aim: To compare, using whole-genome sequencing (WGS), consecutive S. aureus isolates from lower respiratory samples of mechanically ventilated patients for identification of potential cross-transmissions; and to determine a potential link between S.

Emayella augustorita, New Member of Pasteurellaceae, Isolated from Blood Cultures of Septic Patient.

We report discovery of a new bacterial genus and species of the family Pasteurellaceae by using phylogenetic and metabolic analysis. The bacterium, Emayella augustorita, was isolated from blood cultures of a patient in France diagnosed with an adenocarcinoma of the intestines and who was treated with a biliary prosthesis placement.

Phagosomal granulocytic ROS in septic patients induce the bacterial SOS response.

Septic patients with worst clinical prognosis have increased circulating immature granulocytes (IG), displaying limited phagocytosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Here, we developed an model of incubation of human granulocytes, from septic patients or healthy donors, with . We showed that the ROS production in Sepsis-IG is lower due to decreased activation and protein expression of the NADPH oxidase complex.

Modeling the impact of urban and hospital eco-exposomes on antibiotic-resistance dynamics in wastewaters.

The emergence and selection of antibiotic resistance is a major public health problem worldwide. The presence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARBs) in natural and anthropogenic environments threatens the sustainability of efforts to reduce resistance in human and animal populations. Here, we use mathematical modeling of the selective effect of antibiotics and contaminants on the dynamics of bacterial resistance in water to analyze longitudinal spatio-temporal data collected in hospital and urban wastewater between 2012 and 2015.

Sedimentation Field-Flow Fractionation: A Diagnostic Tool for Rapid Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing.

Conventional antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) methods require 24-48 h to provide results, creating the need for a probabilistic antibiotic therapy that increases the risk of antibiotic resistance emergence. Consequently, the development of rapid AST methods has become a priority. Over the past decades, sedimentation field-flow fractionation (SdFFF) has demonstrated high sensitivity in early monitoring of induced biological events in eukaryotic cell populations.

Characterization of resistance to ceftolozane-tazobactam due to and/or mutations observed during treatment using semi-mechanistic PKPD modeling.

A double (AmpC) and (AmpD) genes mutations have been identified by whole genome sequencing in a (PaS) that became resistant (PaR) in a patient treated by ceftolozane/tazobactam (C/T). To precisely characterize the respective contributions of these mutations on the decreased susceptibility to C/T and on the parallel increased susceptibility to imipenem (IMI), mutants were generated by homologous recombination in PAO1 reference strain (PAO1- AmpC, PAO1-AmpD, PAO1-AmpC/AmpD) and in PaR (PaR-AmpC/AmpD). Sequential time-kill curve experiments were conducted on all strains and analyzed by semi-mechanistic PKPD modeling.

Hospital and urban wastewaters shape the matrix and active resistome of environmental biofilms.

Understanding the dynamics of antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) transfer and dissemination in natural environments remains challenging. Biofilms play a crucial role in bacterial survival and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) dissemination in natural environments, particularly in aquatic systems. This study focused on hospital and urban wastewater (WW) biofilms to investigate the potential for ARG dissemination through mobile genetic elements (MGEs).

[Tracking transfers of resistance-carrying bacteria between animals, humans and the environment].

The fight against antibiotic resistance must incorporate the "One Health" concept to be effective. This means having a holistic approach embracing the different ecosystems, human, animal, and environment. Transfers of resistance genes may exist between these three domains and different stresses related to the exposome may influence these transfers.

Dynamics of the digestive acquisition of bacterial carriage and integron presence by French preterm newborns according to maternal colonization: The DAIR3N multicentric study.

Objectives: The study aimed to describe the dynamics and risk factors of Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) acquisition in preterm infants.

Methods: This prospective multicenter French study included mothers hospitalized for preterm delivery and their newborns, followed until hospital discharge. Maternal feces and vaginal fluids at delivery, and neonatal feces from birth to discharge were tested for cultivable GNB, potential acquired resistance, and integrons.

A -Plasmid Promotes Biofilm Formation and Class 1 Integron Gene Cassette Rearrangements in .

Bacteria within biofilms may be exposed to sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations (sub-MICs) of antibiotics. Cell-to-cell contact within biofilms facilitates horizontal gene transfers and favors induction of the SOS response. Altogether, it participates in the emergence of antibiotic resistance.

Activation of class 1 integron integrase is promoted in the intestinal environment.

Class 1 integrons are widespread genetic elements playing a major role in the dissemination of antibiotic resistance. They allow bacteria to capture, express and exchange antibiotic resistance genes embedded within gene cassettes. Acquisition of gene cassettes is catalysed by the class 1 integron integrase, a site-specific recombinase playing a key role in the integron system.

Routine use of 16S rRNA PCR and subsequent sequencing from blood samples in septic shock: about two case reports of Capnocytophaga canimorsus infection in immunocompetent patients.

Background: Capnocytophaga canimorsus infection happens frequently in immunosuppressed patients with reported domestic animal bites. Clinical presentation ranges from simple cellulitis to fulminant septic shock with disseminated intravascular coagulopathy, with an overall mortality of 30%. Conventional blood culture is often negative as this is a slow-growing pathogen.

Resistome Diversity and Dissemination of WHO Priority Antibiotic Resistant Pathogens in Lebanese Estuaries.

Unlabelled: Anthropogenic pressure is known to be a key driver of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) dissemination in the environment. Especially in lower income countries, with poor infrastructure, the level of AMR dissemination is high. Therefore, we assessed the levels and diversity of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in Lebanese rivers at estuaries' sites ( = 72) of the Mediterranean Sea in spring 2017 and winter 2018.

Integron detection for prediction of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole susceptibility in children with Enterobacterales urinary tract infections.

Objectives: In some countries, third-generation cephalosporins (3GCs) serve as first-line therapy in children with urinary tract infections (UTIs). However, their use may contribute to the emergence of antibiotic resistance, notably among Gram-negative bacteria (GNB). Integrons are bacterial genetic elements involved in antibiotic resistance in GNB.

A -plasmid allows aminoglycosides to induce SOS in .

The plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes have been shown to promote high-level bacterial resistance to fluoroquinolone antibiotics, potentially leading to clinical treatment failures. In , sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations (sub-MICs) of the widely used fluoroquinolones are known to induce the SOS response. Interestingly, the expression of several PMQR genes is controlled by the SOS master regulator, LexA.

Role of pollution on the selection of antibiotic resistance and bacterial pathogens in the environment.

There is evidence that human activity causes pollution that contributes to an enhanced selection of bacterial pathogens in the environment. In this review, we consider how environmental pollution can favour the selection of bacterial pathogens in the environment. We specifically discuss pollutants released into the environment by human activities (mainly human waste) that are associated with the selection for genetic features in environmental bacterial populations that lead to the emergence of bacterial pathogens.

Integrons, a predictive biomarker for antibiotic resistance in acute sepsis: the IRIS study.

Background: Considering the increase in MDR Gram-negative bacteria (GNB), the choice of empirical antibiotic therapy is challenging. In parallel, use of broad-spectrum antibiotics should be avoided to decrease antibiotic selection pressure. Accordingly, clinicians need rapid diagnostic tools to narrow antibiotic therapy.

Benefits of a 14-year surgical site infections active surveillance programme in a French teaching hospital.

Background: Surgical site infections (SSIs) are the second most common healthcare-associated infection. Active SSI surveillance can help inform preventative measures and assess the impact of these measures.

Aim: We aimed to describe the evolution in trends over 14 years of prospective active SSI surveillance and implementations of SSI prevention measures in a French Teaching Hospital.