Impact of traumatic brain injury on risk for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.

The impact of traumatic brain injury (TBI) on subsequent risk of schizophrenia (SCZ) or bipolar disorder (BD) remains contested. Possible genetic and environmental confounding effects have also been understudied. Therefore, we aim to investigate the impact of TBI on the risk of SCZ and BD and whether the effect varies by injury severity, age at injury, and sex.

Shared Genetic Architecture Between Schizophrenia and Anorexia Nervosa: A Cross-trait Genome-Wide Analysis.

Background And Hypothesis: Schizophrenia (SCZ) and anorexia nervosa (AN) are 2 severe and highly heterogeneous disorders showing substantial familial co-aggregation. Genetic factors play a significant role in both disorders, but the shared genetic etiology between them is yet to be investigated.

Study Design: Using summary statistics from recent large genome-wide association studies on SCZ (Ncases = 53 386) and AN (Ncases = 16 992), a 2-sample Mendelian randomization analysis was conducted to explore the causal relationship between SCZ and AN.

Environmental risk factors for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder from childhood to diagnosis: a Swedish nested case-control study.

Background: Shared genetic risk between schizophrenia (SCZ) and bipolar disorder (BD) is well-established, yet the extent to which they share environmental risk factors remains unclear. We compare the associations between environmental exposures during childhood/prior to disorder onset with the risk of developing SCZ and BD.

Methods: We conducted a Swedish register-based nested case-control study using 4184 SCZ cases and 18 681 BD cases diagnosed 1988-2013.

Cancer risks among first-degree relatives of women with a genetic predisposition to breast cancer.

Background: Associations between germline alterations in women and cancer risks among their relatives are largely unknown.

Methods: We identified women from 2 Swedish cohorts Karolinska Mammography Project for Risk Prediction of Breast Cancer (KARMA) and prevalent KARMA (pKARMA), including 28 362 women with genotyping data and 13 226 with sequencing data. Using Swedish Multi-Generation Register, we linked these women to 133 389 first-degree relatives.

Interplay of body mass index and metabolic syndrome: association with physiological age from midlife to late-life.

Obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) share common pathophysiological characteristics with aging. To better understand their interplay, we examined how body mass index (BMI) and MetS jointly associate with physiological age, and if the associations changed from midlife to late-life. We used longitudinal data from 1,825 Swedish twins.

Migration and risk of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: A Swedish national study.

Objective: Prior studies report increased risk of schizophrenia (SCZ) in migrants relative to the native-born population; however, few have investigated bipolar disorder (BD) and migrant characteristics which may influence risk. We aimed to examine the risk of SCZ and BD in migrants and their children relative to those of Swedish ancestry, and whether risk varied by age at migration, region of origin, sex, and parental migrant status.

Methods: We conducted a nested case-control study using 5539 SCZ cases and 20,577 BD cases diagnosed 1988-2013, individually matched to five population-based controls by birth year and sex.

Risk of Parkinson's Disease in Celiac Disease: A Swedish Population-Based Study.

Using a population-based matched cohort design, we assessed the association of celiac disease (CeD) with risk of PD by comparing patients with biopsy-confirmed CeD in Sweden to a biopsy-free population and their unaffected siblings, separately. No overall association was observed but CeD diagnosed before age 60 associated positively with incident diagnosis of PD (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.29; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.

Rare functional variants in the CRP and G6PC genes modify the relationship between obesity and serum C-reactive protein in white British population.

Background: C-reactive protein (CRP) is a sensitive biomarker of inflammation with moderate heritability. The role of rare functional genetic variants in relation to serum CRP is understudied. We aimed to examine gene mutation burden of protein-altering (PA) and loss-of-function (LOF) variants in association with serum CRP, and to further explore the clinical relevance.

Advanced biological ageing predicts future risk for neurological diagnoses and clinical examination findings.

Age is a dominant risk factor for some of the most common neurological diseases. Biological ageing encompasses interindividual variation in the rate of ageing and can be calculated from clinical biomarkers or DNA methylation data amongst other approaches. Here, we tested the hypothesis that a biological age greater than one's chronological age affects the risk of future neurological diagnosis and the development of abnormal signs on clinical examination.

Impact of Early-Life Factors on Risk for Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder.

Background And Hypothesis: Schizophrenia (SCZ) and bipolar disorder (BD) have shared genetic risk and clinical symptoms, yet the extent to which environmental risk factors are shared is not well known. We aimed to examine the associations of early-life environmental exposures with the risk of SCZ and BD.

Study Design: We conducted a Swedish register-based nested case-control study using 4184 SCZ and 18 681 BD cases diagnosed 1988-2013, individually matched to 5 population-based controls by birth year, sex and birthplace.

Genetic overlap between Parkinson's disease and inflammatory bowel disease.

Parkinson's disease and inflammatory bowel disease have been increasingly associated, implying shared pathophysiology. To explore biological explanations for the reported connection, we leveraged summary statistics of updated genome-wide association studies and characterized the genetic overlap between the two diseases. Aggregated genetic association data were available for 37 688 cases versus 981 372 controls for Parkinson's disease and 25 042 cases versus 34 915 controls for inflammatory bowel disease.

Leukocyte DNA methylation in Alzheimer´s disease associated genes: replication of findings from neuronal cells.

Differences in gene-wide DNA methylation of the Alzheimer's disease (AD)-associated genes , and are reported to be associated with AD in post-mortem brain samples. We investigated whether the same associations could be found in leukocytes collected pre-mortem. Using cohort data of 544 Swedish twins (204 dementia diagnoses), we replicated the findings in and at < 0.

Poor dental health and risk of pancreatic cancer: a nationwide registry-based cohort study in Sweden, 2009-2016.

Background: Previous studies have reported inconsistent results regarding the association between poor dental health and pancreatic cancer risk. This study aimed to assess this association using a well-functioning nationwide dental health registry in Sweden.

Methods: Information of exposures (dental caries, root canal infection, mild inflammation, and periodontitis; the number of teeth) was ascertained from the Swedish Dental Health Register, and occurrence of pancreatic cancer was identified from both cancer and cause of death registries.

Patterns of sexual behaviour associated with repeated chlamydia testing and infection in men and women: a latent class analysis.

Background: Adolescents and young adults are at higher risk of acquiring Chlamydia trachomatis infection (chlamydia), so testing is promoted in these populations. Studies have shown that re-testing for chlamydia is common amongst them. We investigated how sexual risk behaviour profiles are associated with repeated testing for chlamydia.

Risk of hepato-pancreato-biliary cancer is increased by primary sclerosing cholangitis in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: A population-based cohort study.

Background: There is continued uncertainty regarding the risks of hepato-pancreato-biliary cancers in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) with or without concomitant primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC).

Objective: To give updated estimates on risk of hepato-pancreato-biliary cancers in patients with IBD, including pancreatic cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, gall bladder cancer, and intra - and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.

Methods: In a population-based cohort study, we included all patients diagnosed with IBD in Norway and Sweden from 1987 to 2016.

Novel disease associations with schizophrenia genetic risk revealed in ~400,000 UK Biobank participants.

Schizophrenia is a serious mental disorder with considerable somatic and psychiatric morbidity. It is unclear whether comorbid health conditions predominantly arise due to shared genetic risk or consequent to having schizophrenia. To explore the contribution of genetic risk for schizophrenia, we analysed the effect of schizophrenia polygenic risk scores (PRS) on a broad range of health problems in 406 929 individuals with no schizophrenia diagnosis from the UK Biobank.

Gastric Mucosal Abnormality and Risk of Pancreatic Cancer: A Population-Based Gastric Biopsy Cohort Study in Sweden.

Background: It remains open whether gastric precancerous lesions are associated with an elevated risk of pancreatic cancer. Our aim was to investigate the association between gastric mucosal status and pancreatic cancer risk.

Methods: Patients with gastric biopsies [normal, minor changes, superficial gastritis, and atrophic gastritis/intestinal metaplasia/dysplasia (AG/IM/Dys)] from the Swedish histopathology registers during 1979 to 2011 were included.

Dietary patterns and risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a population-based case-control study in southern China.

Background: Dietary factors, such as consumption of preserved foods, fresh vegetables, and fruits, have been linked to the risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). However, little is known about associations between dietary patterns and the risk of NPC in NPC-endemic areas.

Objectives: We aimed to evaluate whether dietary patterns are associated with NPC risk.

Clinical biomarkers and associations with healthspan and lifespan: Evidence from observational and genetic data.

Background: Biomarker-disease relationships are extensively investigated. However, associations between common clinical biomarkers and healthspan, the disease-free lifespan, are largely unknown. We aimed to explore the predictive values of ten biomarkers on healthspan and lifespan, and to identify putative causal mechanisms.

Association Between Microscopic Colitis and Parkinson's Disease in a Swedish Population.

Background: Gastrointestinal inflammation has been linked with Parkinson's disease (PD). Microscopic colitis (MC) is an intestinal inflammatory disease with unknown relationship with PD.

Objective: This study aimed to examine the association of MC with PD risk.

Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibition and Parkinson Disease: A Mendelian Randomization Study.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of long-term tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibition on the risk and age at onset of Parkinson disease (PD), we performed a 2-sample Mendelian randomization study using genome-wide association studies (GWAS) summary statistics.

Methods: Genetic variants in the vicinity of , the gene encoding TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1), were identified as predictive of pharmacologic blockade of TNFR1 signaling by anti-TNF therapy, based on genetic associations with lower circulating C-reactive protein (CRP; GWAS n = 204,402). The effects of TNF-TNFR1 inhibition were estimated for PD risk (n/ = 37,688/981,372) and age at PD onset (n = 28,568) using GWAS data from the International Parkinson's Disease Genomics Consortium and 23andMe, Inc.

Concordance of Immunohistochemistry-Based and Gene Expression-Based Subtyping in Breast Cancer.

Background: Use of immunohistochemistry-based surrogates of molecular breast cancer subtypes is common in research and clinical practice, but information on their comparative validity and prognostic capacity is scarce.

Methods: Data from 2 PAM50-subtyped Swedish breast cancer cohorts were used: Stockholm tamoxifen trial-3 with 561 patients diagnosed 1976-1990 and Clinseq with 237 patients diagnosed 2005-2012. We evaluated 3 surrogate classifications; the immunohistochemistry-3 surrogate classifier based on estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and HER2 and the St.

Plasma protein biomarkers for early detection of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has a poor prognosis, mainly due to late diagnosis at advanced tumor stages. In this study, we aimed to identify plasma protein biomarkers for early detection of PDAC. Totally, 135 PDAC patients (early PDAC, Stage I/II, n = 71; advanced PDAC, Stage III/IV, n = 64), 13 benign lesions/chronic pancreatitis patients and 72 healthy individuals, with corresponding plasma samples from a case-control study in Sweden were included.