Biological and cytological-morphological assessment of tuberculous pleural effusions.

Aim: Tuberculosis (TB) came back in the top of causes for infectious disease-related deaths and its pleural involvement is still in the top two extrapulmonary sites. The authors continued their studies on TB pleural effusions (Pl-Effs) with the assessment of biological and cytological variable of pleural fluid (PF), introducing in the investigation algorithm and testing a new tool, the computer-assisted evaluation of cell populations on PF smears.

Patients, Materials And Methods: A series of 85 patients with TB pleurisy (PLTB) were selected from a larger group of 322 patients with different types of Pl-Effs.

Long-Term Survival in Metastatic Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma of Intestinal Type.

Pancreatic cancer is often diagnosed in an advanced/metastatic stage, as it is a very aggressive type of cancer. The prognosis of pancreatic cancer is extremely unfavorable. The mean survival rate for patients with metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma is 3-6 months.

Reinitiating Chemotherapy beyond Progression after Maintenance Immunotherapy in Extensive-Stage Small-Cell Lung Cancer.

: Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive form of cancer with a poor prognosis. The two-year survival rate is 8% of all cases. : We present the case of a male patient who was 50 years old at the time of diagnosis in May 2022.

Abrasion and dental pulp morphological changes in occlusal dysfunction.

Aim: The authors set out to assess if the presence and the degree of severity of the abrasion, as a consequence of the occlusal dysfunction, determine further morphological changes in the dental pulp.

Materials And Methods: Study group included teeth dental pulp from 45 cases with occlusal dysfunction, subsequently divided into two subgroups: 24 cases with abrasion (AB) and 21 cases without abrasion (NONAB). The set of morphological parameters of dental pulp were thicknesses of the outer layer, inner layer and entire peripheral pulp zone, the presence of pulpal calcifications and their extent within the dental pulp, the presence of interstitial fibrosis and its extent within the dental pulp and the vascular density (VD) of pulpal capillary network.

Emergency and Elective Colorectal Cancer-Relationship between Clinical Factors, Tumor Topography and Surgical Strategies: A Cohort Study.

: The purpose of the study was to analyze the relationships among several clinical factors and also the tumor topography and surgical strategies used in patients with colorectal cancer. We designed an analytical, observational, retrospective study that included patients admitted to our emergency surgical department and diagnosed with colorectal cancer. The study group inclusion criteria were: patients admitted during 2020-2022; patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer (including the ileocecal valve); patients who benefited from a surgical procedure, either emergency or elective.

Preliminary study of some of the main intratumor stroma components in gastric carcinomas.

Aim: The relationship between stromal compartment and tumor behavior in gastric carcinomas is still poorly understood and defined. Therefore, the authors started, with this preliminary study, an analysis of stromal compartment morphology and behavior in tumors arising from gastric mucosa epithelium.

Materials And Methods: The study group included 75 patients operated for gastric carcinoma.

Influence of tumor topography on clinical-morphological profile of laryngeal malignancies.

Aim: Laryngeal cancers are redoubtable because they are still diagnosed in advanced stages which results in poor survival and the decline of life quality. The authors intend to identify if the tumor topography influences clinical behavior, the morphological profile and therapeutic strategy.

Patients, Materials And Methods: The study group included 188 patients with laryngeal malignancies diagnosed and treated in an Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) Department.

Spindle Cell Rhabdomyosarcoma of the Inguinal Region Mimicking a Complicated Hernia in the Adult-An Unexpected Finding.

Rhabdomyosarcoma is a rare tumor that is diagnosed mostly in children and adolescents, rarely in adults, representing 2-5% of all soft tissue sarcomas. It has four subtypes that are recognized: embryonal (50%), alveolar (20%), pleomorphic (20%), and spindle cell/sclerosing (10%). The diagnosis of rhabdomyosarcoma is based on the histological detection of rhabdomyoblasts and the expression of muscle-related biomarkers.

Right Transcephalic Ventriculo-Subclavian Shunt in the Surgical Treatment of Hydrocephalus-An Original Procedure for Drainage of Cerebrospinal Fluid into the Venous System.

Unlabelled: The objectives of this article are to present an original surgical procedure for the temporary or definitive resolution of hydrocephalus, in the case of repeated failure of standard treatment techniques, and to present a case that was resolved using this surgical technique.

Materials And Methods: We present the case of a 20-year-old male patient with congenital hydrocephalus who underwent a number of 39 shunt revisions, given the repetitive dysfunctions of various techniques (ventriculo-peritoneal shunt, ventriculo-cardiac shunt). The patient was evaluated with the ventricular catheter externalized at the distal end and it was necessary to find an emergency surgical solution, considering the imminent risk of meningitis.

Meropenem antibiotic therapy in acute secondary peritonitis, therapeutic effects superior to other therapies - experimental clinical and histopathological study in the laboratory animal.

Aim: A perforated peptic ulcer is the most common cause of peritonitis through the perforation of the digestive tube, which occurs in a percentage between 2% and 14% of patients diagnosed with peptic ulcer and being associated with a 10% to 30% mortality rate.

Materials And Methods: Considering the above, we imagined a study, using laboratory animals, in which we produced gastric perforations, then followed their evolution without antibiotic treatment and under antibiotic therapy with Cefuroxime 25 mg∕kg∕24 hours intravenously or Meropenem 40 mg∕kg∕24 hours intravenously, following the tissue changes both macroscopically and microscopically.

Results: The study revealed a mortality of 36.

Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma - an unexpected diagnosis of a mediastinal tumor with extensive local thrombosis.

Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EHE) is a rare vascular tumor and the mediastinal localization is amongst the most infrequent. We present the case of a 37-year-old woman with a history of resected left thyroid tumor that presented to our department for evaluation of a left supraclavicular palpable mass in close contact with local vascular structures, and with heterogeneous contrast enhancement as described by computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Considering the history of the patient, the presumptive diagnosis of thyroid tumor recurrence was established, and the patient was referred to surgical department.

Assessment of the aortic wall histological changes with ageing.

Aim: The authors aimed to quantitatively assess the variation with age of three of the main components of the aortic wall, namely elastic fibers (FE) and collagen fibers [FC(COL)], and smooth muscle cells (SMCs).

Materials And Methods: Four aortic cross sections (base, cross, thoracic, abdominal) were collected during autopsy from 90 cases of all ages, processed using the classical histopathological (HP) technique (formalin fixation and paraffin embedding) and stained with Orcein and Goldner's trichrome. The obtained histological slides were transformed into virtual slides.

Peripheral adenopathies in children - an attempt of clinical morphological profile.

Aim: The authors have proposed to assess peripheral adenopathies in a series of hospitalized children in order to identify and define clinical and morphological profiles of different types of lymph node (LN) diseases.

Materials And Methods: The studied group consisted of 58 patients less than 18 years of age. The investigation algorithm included: gender, age, site, involvement, side, extension and histopathological (HP) type of LN lesions.

Tissue microarrays - brief history, techniques and clinical future.

Introduction And Aim: There is a growing need for better, cheaper and faster histopathological diagnostic. The authors reviewed the main steps of the efforts towards the improvement of the pre-analytical phase of tissue processing for histological examination.

Results: Since their introduction decades ago tissue microarrays (TMAs) proved their value by increasing efficiency, standardization and accuracy of many histological techniques, such as histochemistry, histoenzymology, immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, etc.

Agreement of two pre-trained deep-learning neural networks built with transfer learning with six pathologists on 6000 patches of prostate cancer from Gleason2019 Challenge.

Introduction: While the visual inspection of histopathology images by expert pathologists remains the golden standard method for grading of prostate cancer the quest for developing automated algorithms for the job is set and deep-learning techniques have emerged on top of other approaches.

Methods: Two pre-trained deep-learning networks, obtained with transfer learning from two general purpose classification networks - AlexNet and GoogleNet, originally trained on a proprietary dataset of prostate cancer were used to classify 6000 cropped images from Gleason2019 Challenge.

Results: The average agreement between the two networks and the six pathologists was found to be substantial for AlexNet and moderate for GoogleNet.

Clinical-morphological profiles of esophageal carcinoma's main types.

Aim: The purpose of the study was to define and then to compare particularly the morphological profiles of the main morphological types of esophageal carcinoma (EC).

Patients, Materials And Methods: The studied group included 46 operated EC patients. Few parameters were clinical (gender and age).

Automated Gleason grading of prostate cancer using transfer learning from general-purpose deep-learning networks.

Two deep-learning algorithms designed to classify images according to the Gleason grading system that used transfer learning from two well-known general-purpose image classification networks (AlexNet and GoogleNet) were trained on Hematoxylin-Eosin histopathology stained microscopy images with prostate cancer. The dataset consisted of 439 images asymmetrically distributed in four Gleason grading groups. Mean and standard deviation accuracy for AlexNet derivate network was of 61.

The clinical-morphological profile of tuberculous pleurisies - our experience in relation to literature data.

Aim: The authors made a morphological evaluation of pleural tissue fragments from patients hospitalized in Thoracic Surgery Department of the Emergency County Hospital of Craiova, Romania, over a period of 26 years, diagnosed with tuberculous lesions in the Pathology Department of the same Hospital.

Patients, Materials And Methods: The studied material consisted of pleural tissue samples taken by biopsy or surgical excision from 39 cases coming out of 841 patients investigated in the above-mentioned period of time and diagnosed from histological point of view with tuberculosis (TB). Granuloma cell population was assessed using immunohistochemical method.

The study of tumor architecture components in prostate adenocarcinoma using fractal dimension analysis.

Aim: The aim of the study is to evaluate the three main components of the tumor architecture in correlation with two different grading systems of prostate adenocarcinoma (PA) using the fractal dimension (FD) analysis.

Patients, Materials And Methods: 433 fields with different patterns of PA selected from 83 patients with total prostatectomy according to Gleason and Srigley grading systems were selected. Four serial sections were cut and stained in order to assess the following parameters: tumor grading with Hematoxylin-Eosin (H-E), tumor cells architecture (GÖ) with Gömöri technique, tumor stroma architecture (TC) with Goldner's trichrome, and vascular network (VN) architecture with cluster of differentiation 34 (CD34) immunomarker.

Clinical-Morphological Aspects in Spinal Tuberculosis.

Unlabelled: Osteoarticular tuberculosis (OATB) Aim: The authors made a clinical morphological assessment of tissue samples from patients admitted in Surgical Departments of the Emergency County Hospital of Craiova, Romania, between 1990 and 2015, proved as presenting tuberculous lesions of the spine in the Department of Pathology of the same Hospital.

Materials And Methods: The studied material consisted of bone, joint and sometimes muscle tissue fragments resulted from biopsies or surgical excisions from 7 cases coming out of 54 patients investigated in the above-mentioned period of time, where the established histological diagnosis was tuberculosis (TB). For diagnostic confirmation, Ziehl-Neelsen staining has been used as a rule but, in some cases, immunohistochemistry was also used.

Morphological changes of gums in occlusal trauma.

Aim: Occlusal trauma causes major modifications of the coverage periodontium, which in turn reflect on the dental unit. The aim of the present study is to evaluate some of the morphological modifications occurred in the marginal periodontium surrounding teeth affected by occlusal trauma.

Materials And Methods: Fragments of marginal periodontium coming from 51 patients with occlusal trauma were processed using classical histological techniques (formalin fixation and paraffin embedment) and stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE), Masson's trichrome and anti-CD34 antibody immunostaining, in order to highlight the epithelial and connective tissue changes of gingival mucosa.

Quantitative assessment of morphological changes of dental pulp components of teeth affected by occlusal trauma.

Aim: In the general economy of the stomatognathic system functionality, the occlusal function has an important role, meaning both the dental-dental reports and the dynamic reports interarch-interarch. Because of the interrelationships and inter-dependency that govern the functioning of the biological systems, a pathological change affecting a component of the stomatognathic system produces impaired functioning of the others. The aim of the present study is to assess the morphological changes occurred in the dental pulp components of teeth affected by occlusal trauma.

Occupational exposure to urinary bladder carcinogens - risk factors, molecular mechanisms and biomarkers.

Bladder cancer (BC) is one of the most frequent forms of cancer, particularly in Caucasian population. Many environmental factors are recognized as carcinogenic in humans for this form of neoplasia and some of them are related to occupation. In order to illustrate these effects, we have selected several relevant cases with smoking and occupational exposure to carcinogens and their histopathological findings.