A Novel Lineage of Endosymbiotic Actinomycetales: Genome Reduction and Acquisition of New Functions in Bifidobacteriaceae Associated With Termite Gut Flagellates.

Cellulolytic flagellates are essential for the symbiotic digestion of lignocellulose in the gut of lower termites. Most species are associated with host-specific consortia of bacterial symbionts from various phyla. 16S rRNA-based diversity studies and taxon-specific fluorescence in situ hybridization revealed a termite-specific clade of Actinomycetales that colonise the cytoplasm of Trichonympha spp.

Designing Brain-Friendly Ultrasound Presentations: Applying Cognitive Load Theory for Enhanced Learning.

Effective presentations are crucial for disseminating knowledge and cultivating skilled learners. Cognitive load theory (CLT) offers a framework for optimizing instructional design by managing the mental effort required for learning. This article explores principles from CLT with practical suggestions to create brain-friendly presentations, focusing on intrinsic, extraneous, and germane cognitive loads.

Genome reduction in novel, obligately methyl-reducing Methanosarcinales isolated from arthropod guts (Methanolapillus gen. nov. and Methanimicrococcus).

Recent metagenomic studies have identified numerous lineages of hydrogen-dependent, obligately methyl-reducing methanogens. Yet, only a few representatives have been isolated in pure culture. Here, we describe six new species with this capability in the family Methanosarcinaceae (order Methanosarcinales), which makes up a substantial fraction of the methanogenic community in arthropod guts.

Mice Lacking Mrs2 Magnesium Transporter are Hypophagic and Thin When Maintained on a High-Fat Diet.

Genes regulating body fat are shared with high fidelity by mice and humans, indicating that mouse knockout (KO) phenotyping might identify valuable antiobesity drug targets. Male Mrs2 magnesium transporter (Mrs2) KO mice were recently reported as thin when fed a high-fat diet (HFD). They also exhibited increased energy expenditure (EE)/body weight and had beiged adipocytes that, along with isolated hepatocytes, demonstrated increased oxygen consumption, suggesting that increased EE drove the thin phenotype.

Genome reduction and horizontal gene transfer in the evolution of Endomicrobia-rise and fall of an intracellular symbiosis with termite gut flagellates.

Bacterial endosymbionts of eukaryotic hosts typically experience massive genome reduction, but the underlying evolutionary processes are often obscured by the lack of free-living relatives. Endomicrobia, a family-level lineage of host-associated bacteria in the phylum that comprises both free-living representatives and endosymbionts of termite gut flagellates, are an excellent model to study evolution of intracellular symbionts. We reconstructed 67 metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) of among more than 1,700 MAGs from the gut microbiota of a wide range of termites.

Diversity and taxonomic revision of methanogens and other archaea in the intestinal tract of terrestrial arthropods.

Methane emission by terrestrial invertebrates is restricted to millipedes, termites, cockroaches, and scarab beetles. The arthropod-associated archaea known to date belong to the orders , and , and in a few cases also to non-methanogenic and . However, all major host groups are severely undersampled, and the taxonomy of existing lineages is not well developed.

Full metal jacket: salvage of EUS-guided gallbladder drainage.

Video 1Full metal jacket: salvage of EUS-guided gallbladder drainage.

Endoscopic ultrasound-directed transgastric ERCP (EDGE): A multicenter US study on long-term follow-up and fistula closure.

Endoscopic ultrasound-directed transgastric ERCP (EDGE) is a safe and efficacious procedure to treat pancreaticobiliary diseases in Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). This multicenter study aimed to determine the long-term outcomes of EDGE focusing on fistula persistence rates and post-procedure weight change. Information about patients with Roux-en-Y gastric bypass anatomy who underwent EDGE between 2015 and 2021 from 10 institutions was captured in a registry.

A unique treatment of "candy cane" Roux syndrome following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: a multidisciplinary approach.

Video 1Closure of blind limb after gastric bypass as a treatment for candy cane limb syndrome.

Single-session EUS-guided gastrogastrostomy to facilitate cystgastrostomy in Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.

Video 1Single-session EUS-guided gastrogastrostomy creation to facilitate cystgastrostomy in Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.

Female entrepreneurs managing from home.

Unlabelled: Gender roles demand that women devote more time to non-market labor such as childcare and household responsibilities. Therefore, the labor market hinders women's ability to compete with their male counterparts, whose time is less subject to the demands of non-market work. The result is a performance gap between men and women.

Ferrocyanide enhanced evaporative flux to remediate soils contaminated with produced water brine.

Accidental releases of highly saline produced water (PW) to land can impact soil quality. The release of associated salts can clog soil pores, disperse soil clays, and inhibit plants and other soil biota. This study explores a novel remediation technique using ferrocyanide to enhance the evaporative flux of soil porewater to transport dissolved salts to the soil surface, where crystallization then occurs.

A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blinded, Clinical Trial Comparing Cattell-Warren and Blumgart Anastomoses Following Partial Pancreatoduodenectomy: PANasta Trial.

Unlabelled: Whether a Blumgart anastomosis (BA) is superior to Cattell-Warren anastomosis (CWA) in terms of postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) following pancreatoduodenectomy.

Importance: Complications driven by POPF following pancreatic cancer resection may hinder adjuvant therapy, shortening survival. BA may reduce complications compared to CWA, improving the use of adjuvant therapy and prolonging survival.

A quality improvement apprenticeship: Gross anatomy in the time of Covid-19.

The study of anatomy is a team-driven field in which anatomy instruction occurs in small groups in the laboratory with one faculty member guiding students through each anatomical region. One laboratory experience may include several small group instructors in one simultaneous learning session. In comparison, the education of future gross anatomists often happens in an apprenticeship model, where the optimal learning outcomes are met through training with an experienced mentor.

Efficient neutralization of daratumumab in pretransfusion samples using a novel recombinant monoclonal anti-idiotype antibody.

Background: Anti-CD38 antibodies such as daratumumab (DARA) are critical therapies for multiple myeloma and other diseases. Unfortunately, anti-CD38 antibodies cause panreactivity in indirect antiglobulin tests (IATs), complicating blood compatibility testing. The anti-CD38 interference is most often mitigated by treating reagent red blood cells (RBCs) with dithiothreitol (DTT).

Objective assessment of luminal diameter and distensibility by an impedance planimetry system before and after pneumatic dilation in gastric sleeve stenosis.

Video 1Endoscopic impedance planimetry system measurement and pneumatic balloon dilation of a sleeve gastrectomy stricture.

Pneumatic Balloon Dilation of Gastric Sleeve Stenosis Is Not Associated with Weight Regain.

Background: Gastric sleeve stenosis (GSS) occurs in up to 4% of patients after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG). Typical symptoms include reflux, abdominal pain, dysphagia, and regurgitation. Serial pneumatic balloon dilation (PBD) is a successful treatment in many cases obviating the need for revisional surgery, but the potential for weight regain is unknown.

Increasing the Yield: When More Is Better.

Indeterminate biliary strictures pose a diagnostic challenge, and current approaches in the evaluation of such strictures lack diagnostic sensitivity. The most common method of tissue acquisition remains endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) with brush cytology, however, little is known about optimal brush technique. In this paper by Wang et al.

If at first you don't succeed… a complicated course of endoscopic reversal of a gastric bypass.

Video 1.If at first you don't succeed… A complicated course of endoscopic reversal of a gastric bypass.

BURMESE ROOFED TURTLE () DISEASE SCREENING IN MYANMAR.

The Burmese roofed turtle (), a critically endangered freshwater turtle, is endemic to Myanmar. Once thought to be extinct, remnant wild populations were discovered in 2001 and limited captive individuals identified in pagoda ponds or confiscated from fishers in Myanmar. These and their offspring are maintained in five facilities in Myanmar and form the basis of a conservation program (habitat protection, captive breeding, nest protection, egg collection, head-starting, and release).

A risk-adjusted and anatomically stratified cohort comparison study of open surgery, endovascular techniques and medical management for juxtarenal aortic aneurysms-the UK COMPlex AneurySm Study (UK-COMPASS): a study protocol.

Introduction: In one-third of all abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs), the aneurysm neck is short (juxtarenal) or shows other adverse anatomical features rendering operations more complex, hazardous and expensive. Surgical options include open surgical repair and endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) techniques including fenestrated EVAR, EVAR with adjuncts (chimneys/endoanchors) and off-label standard EVAR. The aim of the UK COMPlex AneurySm Study (UK-COMPASS) is to answer the research question identified by the National Institute for Health Research Health Technology Assessment (NIHR HTA) Programme: 'What is the clinical and cost-effectiveness of strategies for the management of juxtarenal AAA, including fenestrated endovascular repair?'

Methods And Analysis: UK-COMPASS is a cohort study comparing clinical and cost-effectiveness of different strategies used to manage complex AAAs with stratification of physiological fitness and anatomical complexity, with statistical correction for baseline risk and indication biases.

A unique twist following treatment of a sleeve gastrectomy leak: a multidisciplinary approach.

Video 1A unique twist following treatment of a sleeve gastrectomy leak: a multidisciplinary approach.

Effects of maternal controlled exercise on offspring adiposity and glucose tolerance.

While metabolic disorders such as obesity and diabetes are costly and deadly to the current population, they are also extremely detrimental to the next generation. Much of the current literature focuses on the negative impact of poor maternal choices on offspring disease, while there is little work examining maternal behaviors that may improve offspring health. Research has shown that voluntary maternal exercise in mouse models improves metabolic function in offspring.