The social impact of medicine--chapter 20.

This paper, an overview of medical history, is based on a course I taught at the University of Delaware's Academy of Life Long Learning, "Medicine, the Old and the New." It will not be a chronology of medical events and discoveries, but a discussion of the social aspects of medicine, how medicine affected the everyday lives of people, from the religion-based medicine of antiquity to the super-scientific medicine of today. This paper is a compilation of other historical papers including, but not limited to, those listed in the accompanying bibliography.

The social impact of medicine--Chapter 19.

This paper, an overview of medical history, is based on a course I taught at the University of Delaware's Academy of Life Long Learning, "Medicine, the Old and the New." It will not be a chronology of medical events and discoveries, but a discussion of the social aspects of medicine, how medicine affected the everyday lives of people, from the religion-based medicine of antiquity to the super-scientific medicine of today. This paper is a compilation of other historical papers including, but not limited to, those listed in the accompanying bibliography.

Differences in the carriage and the ability to utilize the serotype associated virulence plasmid in strains of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium investigated by use of a self-transferable virulence plasmid, pOG669.

Most strains of Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serotype typhimurium (S. typhimurium) naturally harbour a virulence plasmid which carries the salmonella plasmid virulence (spv) genes. However, isolates belonging to certain phage types are generally found without the plasmid.

Accelerated accumulation of N- and C-terminal beta APP fragments and delayed recovery of microtubule-associated protein 1B expression following stroke in aged rats.

The age-related decline in plasticity of the brain may be one factor underlying poor functional recovery after stroke. In the present work we tested the hypothesis that the attenuation of neural plasticity in old age could be the result of an altered temporal relationship between factors promoting brain plasticity [microtubule-associated protein 1B (MAP1B)] and neurotoxic factors such as C-terminal betaAPP. Focal cerebral ischemia was produced by reversible occlusion of the right middle cerebral artery in 3- and 20-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats.

The social impact of medicine. Chapter 17.

This paper, an overview of medical history, is based on a course I taught at the University of Delaware's Academy of Life Long Learning, "Medicine, the Old and the New." It will not be a chronology of medical events and discoveries, but a discussion of the social aspects of medicine, how medicine affected the everyday lives of people, from the religion-based medicine of antiquity to the super-scientific medicine of today. This paper is a compilation of other historical papers including, but not limited to, those listed in the accompanying bibliography.

The social impact of medicine--Chapter 16.

This paper, an overview of medical history, is based on a course I taught at the University of Delaware's Academy of Life Long Learning, "Medicine, the Old and the New." It will not be a chronology of medical events and discoveries, but a discussion of the social aspects of medicine, how medicine affected the everyday lives of people, from the religion-based medicine of antiquity to the super-scientific medicine of today. This paper is a compilation of other historical papers including, but not limited to, those listed in the accompanying bibliography.

Cocaine-like discriminative stimulus effects of heroin: modulation by selective monoamine transport inhibitors.

In previous studies, heroin was shown to engender cocaine-like discriminative stimulus (DS) effects; however, the mechanisms underlying the cocaine-like effects of heroin are unknown. The present study evaluated the extent to which the shared DS effects of heroin and cocaine involve common monoaminergic mechanisms of action. In squirrel monkeys discriminating cocaine (0.

Pharmacological blockade of alpha2-adrenoceptors induces reinstatement of cocaine-seeking behavior in squirrel monkeys.

Converging evidence suggests a role for noradrenergic mechanisms in stress-induced reinstatement of cocaine seeking in animals. Yohimbine, an alpha(2)-adrenoceptor antagonist, is known to be anxiogenic and induce stress-related responses in humans and animals. Here, we tested the ability of yohimbine to reinstate cocaine-seeking behavior and induce behavioral and physiological signs characteristic of stress in squirrel monkeys.

Vascular endothelial growth factor and diabetic retinopathy: pathophysiological mechanisms and treatment perspectives.

Retinal neovascularization and macular edema are central features of diabetic retinopathy, the major cause of blindness in the developed world. Current treatments are limited in their efficacy and are associated with significant adverse effects. Characterization of the molecular and cellular processes involved in vascular growth and permeability has led to the recognition that the angiogenic growth factor and vascular permeability factor vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays a pivotal role in the retinal microvascular complications of diabetes.

Opioid partial agonist effects of 3-O-methylnaltrexone in rhesus monkeys.

3-O-Methylnaltrexone (3-MNTX), a putative antagonist of morphine-6-beta-d-glucuronide (M6G) receptors, has been reported to block the behavioral effects of heroin at doses that do not block those of morphine, suggesting that M6G receptors may play a unique role in the addictive properties of heroin. This study investigated the effects of 3-MNTX in monkeys trained to discriminate i.v.

Temporal dynamics of degenerative and regenerative events associated with cerebral ischemia in aged rats.

Background And Purpose: The age-related decline in plasticity of the brain may be one factor underlying the poor functional recovery after stroke. In the present work we tested the hypothesis that the attenuation of neural plasticity could be the result of an age-related REDUCTION in the upregulation of factors promoting brain plasticity (microtubule-associated protein 1B [MAP1B], beta-amyloid precursor protein [betaAPP]), and an age-related INCREASE in glial reactivity and the accumulation of Abeta, a proteolytic cleavage product of betaAPP with neurotoxic properties.

Methods: Focal cerebral ischemia was produced by reversible occlusion of the right middle cerebral artery in 3- and 20-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats.

Global secondary structure packing angle bias in proteins.

While studies of secondary structure interactions have focused on local interacting features, there is a need for a more global characterization of packing-induced aligned packing of secondary structures. This study presents an analysis of the distribution of globally sampled secondary structures within selected subunits of a selected set of multimeric proteins. Comparisons are made between the distribution of the cosines of angles between triplets of linear segments associated to secondary structures and a theoretically obtained distribution for triplets of random uniformly distributed unit vectors.