Ca2+ is a cofactor required for membrane transport and maturation and is a yield-determining factor in high cell density penicillin amidase production.

Penicillin amidases (PAs) from E. coli and A. faecalis are periplasmic enzymes that contain one tightly bound Ca(2+) per molecule that does not directly participate in the enzymatic function.

Human glomerular structure under normal conditions and in isolated glomerular disease.

Investigation of the human glomerulus in health and disease shows that the human glomerulus comprises seven lobule-like structures with numerous anastomoses. The total length of the capillaries in a single glomerulus is 0.95 cm, making a total of 19 km for all 2-million glomeruli.

[The construction of models intending spatial representation of complex vessel structures demonstrated by means of the mammalian glomerulus].

This report presents information about a method to construct a wax-sheet model of rat and human glomerula, able to be divided into several segments. Based on the wax model consisting of segments a glomerula model is developed, showing the axis of the glomerula capillaries formed by an ironwire. By means of this model it will be possible to follow the course of the capillaries precisely.