Prevalence and Factors Associated with Drooling in Parkinson's Disease: Results from a Longitudinal Prospective Cohort and Comparison with a Control Group.

Introduction: Drooling in Parkinson's disease (PD) is frequent but often goes underrecognized. Our aim was to examine the prevalence of drooling in a PD cohort and compare it with a control group. Specifically, we identified factors associated with drooling and conducted subanalyses in a subgroup of very early PD patients.

Staging Parkinson's Disease According to the MNCD (Motor/Non-motor/Cognition/Dependency) Classification Correlates with Disease Severity and Quality of Life.

Background: Recently, a novel simple classification called MNCD, based on 4 axes (Motor; Non-motor; Cognition; Dependency) and 5 stages, has been proposed to classify Parkinson's disease (PD).

Objective: Our aim was to apply the MNCD classification in a cohort of PD patients for the first time and also to analyze the correlation with quality of life (QoL) and disease severity.

Methods: Data from the baseline visit of PD patients recruited from 35 centers in Spain from the COPPADIS cohort fromJanuary 2016 to November 2017 were used to apply the MNCD classification.

Sex Differences in Motor and Non-Motor Symptoms among Spanish Patients with Parkinson's Disease.

Background And Objective: Sex plays a role in Parkinson's disease (PD) mechanisms. We analyzed sex difference manifestations among Spanish patients with PD.

Patients And Methods: PD patients who were recruited from the Spanish cohort COPPADIS from January 2016 to November 2017 were included.

Risk of Cognitive Impairment in Patients With Parkinson's Disease With Visual Hallucinations and Subjective Cognitive Complaints.

Background And Purpose: Visual hallucinations (VH) and subjective cognitive complaints (SCC) are associated with cognitive impairment (CI) in Parkinson's disease. Our aims were to determine the association between VH and SCC and the risk of CI development in a cohort of patients with Parkinson's disease and normal cognition (PD-NC).

Methods: Patients with PD-NC (total score of >80 on the Parkinson's Disease Cognitive Rating Scale [PD-CRS]) recruited from the Spanish COPPADIS cohort from January 2016 to November 2017 were followed up after 2 years.

Predictors of the change in burden, strain, mood, and quality of life among caregivers of Parkinson's disease patients.

Background And Objective: Caregiver burden in Parkinson's disease (PD) has been studied in many cross-sectional studies but poorly in longitudinal ones. The aim of the present study was to analyze the change in burden, strain, mood, and quality of life (QoL) after a 2-year follow-up in a cohort of caregivers of patients with PD and also to identify predictors of these changes.

Patients And Methods: PD patients and their caregivers who were recruited from January/2016 to November/2017 from 35 centers of Spain from the COPPADIS cohort were included in the study.

Predictors of clinically significant quality of life impairment in Parkinson's disease.

Quality of life (QOL) plays an important role in independent living in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients, being crucial to know what factors impact QoL throughout the course of the disease. Here we identified predictors of QoL impairment in PD patients from a Spanish cohort. PD patients recruited from 35 centers of Spain from the COPPADIS cohort from January 2016, to November 2017, were followed up during 2 years.

Identifying comorbidities and lifestyle factors contributing to the cognitive profile of early Parkinson's disease.

Background: Identifying modifiable risk factors for cognitive impairment in the early stages of Parkinson's disease (PD) and estimating their impact on cognitive status may help prevent dementia (PDD) and the design of cognitive trials.

Methods: Using a standard approach for the assessment of global cognition in PD and controlling for the effects of age, education and disease duration, we explored the associations between cognitive status, comorbidities, metabolic variables and lifestyle variables in 533 PD participants from the COPPADIS study.

Results: Among the overall sample, 21% of participants were classified as PD-MCI (n = 114) and 4% as PDD (n = 26).

Constipation Predicts Cognitive Decline in Parkinson's Disease: Results from the COPPADIS Cohort at 2-Year Follow-up and Comparison with a Control Group.

Background: Constipation has been linked to cognitive impairment development in Parkinson's disease (PD).

Objective: Our aim was to analyze cognitive changes observed in PD patients and controls from a Spanish cohort with regards to the presence or not of constipation.

Methods: PD patients and controls recruited from 35 centers of Spain from the COPPADIS cohort from January 2016 to November 2017 were followed-up during 2 years.

Characterization of sleep in six patients with pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration.

Background: Pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (PKAN) is a rare neurologic disorder included in the group of neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation diseases (NBIA). Information regarding sleep in patients with PKAN is limited.

Objectives: To describe the clinical and polysomnographic characteristics of sleep in six patients with genetically confirmed PKAN.

Predictors of Global Non-Motor Symptoms Burden Progression in Parkinson's Disease. Results from the COPPADIS Cohort at 2-Year Follow-Up.

Non-motor symptoms (NMS) progress in different ways between Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. The aim of the present study was to (1) analyze the change in global NMS burden in a PD cohort after a 2-year follow-up, (2) to compare the changes with a control group, and (3) to identify predictors of global NMS burden progression in the PD group. PD patients and controls, recruited from 35 centers of Spain from the COPPADIS cohort from January 2016 to November 2017, were followed-up with after 2 years.

Staging Parkinson's Disease Combining Motor and Nonmotor Symptoms Correlates with Disability and Quality of Life.

Introduction: In a degenerative disorder such as Parkinson's disease (PD), it is important to establish clinical stages that allow to know the course of the disease. Our aim was to analyze whether a scale combining Hoehn and Yahr's motor stage (H&Y) and the nonmotor symptoms burden (NMSB) (assessed by the nonmotor symptoms scale (NMSS)) provides information about the disability and the patient's quality of life (QoL) with regard to a defined clinical stage.

Materials And Methods: Cross-sectional study in which 603 PD patients from the COPPADIS cohort were classified according to H&Y (1, stage I; 2, stage II; 3, stage III; 4, stage IV/V) and NMSB (A: NMSS = 0-20; B: NMSS = 21-40; C: NMSS = 41-70; D: NMSS ≥ 71) in 16 stages (HY.

[DISCREPA study: treatment of advanced Parkinson's disease and use of second-line treatments in Catalonia].

Introduction: The treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) is complex, and the establishment of second-line therapies in advanced PD remains controversial.

Aim: To analyze the assistance of patients with PD in Catalonia, with special attention to the use of second-line therapies in advanced PD.

Subjects And Methods: Online self-administered survey to neurologists in Catalonia who treated patients with PD, through the Catalan Society of Neurology.

Depression is Associated with Impulse-compulsive Behaviors in Parkinson's disease.

Background: Depression and impulse control disorders (ICDs) are both common in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients and their coexistence is frequent. Our aim was to determine the relationship between depression and impulsive-compulsive behaviors (ICBs) in a large cohort of PD patients.

Methods: PD patients recruited from 35 centers of Spain from the COPPADIS cohort from January 2016 to November 2017 were included in the study.

Mood in Parkinson's disease: From early- to late-stage disease.

Background: Although depression is known to be frequent in Parkinson's disease (PD), it is unclear how mood can change and/or impact on patient's quality of life (QoL) over time. Our aim was to analyze the frequency of depression, mood related factors and the contribution of mood to a patient's QoL perception in regard to disease duration.

Methods: PD patients recruited from the COPPADIS cohort from January 2016 to November 2017 were included in this cross-sectional study.

Sleep Problems Are Related to a Worse Quality of Life and a Greater Non-Motor Symptoms Burden in Parkinson's Disease.

Introduction: The aim of the present study was to examine the frequency of self-reported sleep problems and their associated factors in a large cohort of PD patients.

Methods: PD patients and controls, recruited from 35 centers of Spain from the COPPADIS cohort were included in this cross-sectional study. Sleep problems were assessed by the Spanish version of the Parkinson's disease Sleep Scale version 1 (PDSS-1).

Quality of life and non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease patients with subthreshold depression.

Background: The role of subthreshold depression (subD) in Parkinson's Disease (PD) is not clear. The present study aimed to compare the quality of life (QoL) in PD patients with subD vs patients with no depressive disorder (nonD). Factors related to subD were identified.

The impact of freezing of gait on functional dependency in Parkinson's disease with regard to motor phenotype.

Background And Objective: Freezing of gait (FOG) is a disabling symptom more frequent in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients with postural instability gait difficulty (PIGD) phenotype. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of self-reported FOG in a large group of PD patients as well as assess its relationship with functional dependency with regard to motor phenotype.

Methods: The data correspond to the baseline evaluation of the COPPADIS-2015 study.

Non-motor symptom burden is strongly correlated to motor complications in patients with Parkinson's disease.

Background And Purpose: The objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between motor complications and non-motor symptom (NMS) burden in a population of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and also in a subgroup of patients with early PD.

Methods: Patients with PD from the COPPADIS cohort were included in this cross-sectional study. NMS burden was defined according to the Non-Motor Symptoms Scale (NMSS) total score.

COPPADIS-2015 (COhort of Patients with PArkinson's DIsease in Spain, 2015): an ongoing global Parkinson's disease project about disease progression with more than 1000 subjects included. Results from the baseline evaluation.

Background And Purpose: In Parkinson's disease (PD), the course of the disorder is highly variable between patients. Well-designed, prospective studies for identifying PD progression biomarkers are necessary. Our aim was to show the results of baseline evaluations of an ongoing global PD project, COPPADIS-2015 (Cohort of Patients with PArkinson's DIsease in Spain, 2015).

Non-motor symptoms in Huntington's disease: a comparative study with Parkinson's disease.

Background/aims: The presence of non-motor symptoms in Huntington's disease (HD) has not been systematically assessed so far. Our objective was to know their prevalence and to compare it with a cohort of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD).

Materials And Methods: Participants were consecutively recruited from our outpatient clinic.

Cost-utility analysis of second-generation direct-acting antivirals for hepatitis C: a systematic review.

High prices of second-generation direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) patients led to reimbursement decisions based on cost per quality-adjusted life year (QALY). Areas covered: We performed a systematic review of cost-utility analyses (CUA) comparing interventions with second-generation DAA therapies with no treatment, and with previous therapies for chronic HCV patients until July 2017. A total of 36 studies were included: 30 studies from the perspective of the healthcare payer, 3 from the societal perspective, and 3 did not report the perspective.