Longitudinal myelin content measures of slowly expanding lesions using 7T MRI in multiple sclerosis.

Background And Purpose: Slowly expanding lesions (SELs) are thought to represent a subset of chronic active lesions and have been associated with clinical disability, severity, and disease progression. The purpose of this study was to characterize SELs using advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures related to myelin and neurite density on 7 Tesla (T) MRI.

Methods: The study design was retrospective, longitudinal, observational cohort with multiple sclerosis (n = 15).

Impact of Heavy Metals on Cold Acclimation of Roots.

In nature, plants are exposed to a range of climatic conditions. Those negatively impacting plant growth and survival are called abiotic stresses. Although abiotic stresses have been extensively studied separately, little is known about their interactions.

Identification of new potential molecular actors related to fiber quality in flax through Omics.

One of the biggest challenges for a more widespread utilization of plant fibers is to better understand the different molecular factors underlying the variability in fineness and mechanical properties of both elementary and scutched fibers. Accordingly, we analyzed genome-wide transcription profiling from bast fiber bearing tissues of seven different flax varieties (4 spring, 2 winter fiber varieties and 1 winter linseed) and identified 1041 differentially expressed genes between varieties, of which 97 were related to cell wall metabolism. KEGG analysis highlighted a number of different enriched pathways.

Proteomic responses of two spring wheat cultivars to the combined water deficit and aphid () treatments.

In the field, plants usually have to face the combined effects of abiotic and biotic stresses. In our study, two spring wheat cultivars-Septima and Quintus-were subjected to three water regimes [70%, 50%, and 40% soil water capacity (SWC)], aphid () infestation, or the combination of both stresses, i.e.

The relationship between cognition, education, and employment in multiple sclerosis patients.

Background: Processing speed decline is a common manifestation of multiple sclerosis (MS). The processing speed test (PST) is a validated electronic cognitive assessment based on the Symbol-Digit Modalities Test, which is routinely administered as part of the multi-institutional Multiple Sclerosis Partners Advancing Technology and Health Solutions (MS PATHS) initiative. The longitudinal relationship between education, processing speed, and employment is unclear.

Proteomics Evidence of a Systemic Response to Desiccation in the Resurrection Plant .

Global warming and drought stress are expected to have a negative impact on agricultural productivity. Desiccation-tolerant species, which are able to tolerate the almost complete desiccation of their vegetative tissues, are appropriate models to study extreme drought tolerance and identify novel approaches to improve the resistance of crops to drought stress. In the present study, to better understand what makes resurrection plants extremely tolerant to drought, we performed transmission electron microscopy and integrative large-scale proteomics, including organellar and phosphorylation proteomics, and combined these investigations with previously published transcriptomic and metabolomics data from the resurrection plant .

Decentralised clinical trials in multiple sclerosis research.

Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) play an important role in multiple sclerosis (MS) research, ensuring that new interventions are safe and efficacious before their introduction into clinical practice. Trials have been evolving to improve the robustness of their designs and the efficiency of their conduct. Advances in digital and mobile technologies in recent years have facilitated this process and the first RCTs with decentralised elements became possible.

Synergistic interaction between pH and NaCl in the limits of germination and outgrowth of Clostridium sporogenes and Group I Clostridium botulinum vegetative cells and spores after heat treatment.

Group I Clostridium botulinum and Clostridium sporogenes are physiologically and genetically closely related. Both are widely distributed in the environment and can cause foodborne botulism. In this work, a physiological study was conducted with 37 isolates from spoiled canned food and five referenced strains of C.

Proteomic Studies of Roots in Hypoxia-Sensitive and -Tolerant Tomato Accessions Reveal Candidate Proteins Associated with Stress Priming.

Tomato ( L.) is a vegetable frequently exposed to hypoxia stress induced either by being submerged, flooded or provided with limited oxygen in hydroponic cultivation systems. The purpose of the study was to establish the metabolic mechanisms responsible for overcoming hypoxia in two tomato accessions with different tolerance to this stress, selected based on morphological and physiological parameters.

Assessing Access to Five Types of Insurance by People with Multiple Sclerosis Using a Cross-sectional Online Survey.

Background: Many individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) depart the workforce prematurely. In the United States, access to insurance, including health, disability income, long-term care, and life insurance, is largely employment-based or purchased from earnings. Many individuals we see in the clinic experience financial hardship because of a lack of insurance, even if working.

Insights into the Structure and Protein Composition of Spores Formed at Different Temperatures.

The bacterium produces the most heat-resistant spores of any spoilage-causing microorganism known in the food industry. Previous work by our group revealed that the resistance of these spores to wet heat and biocides was lower when spores were produced at a lower temperature than the optimal temperature. Here, we used electron microcopy to characterize the ultrastructure of the coat of the spores formed at different sporulation temperatures; we found that spores produced at 55 °C mainly exhibited a lamellar inner coat tightly associated with a diffuse outer coat, while spores produced at 45 °C showed an inner and an outer coat separated by a less electron-dense zone.

Clinical features and outcomes of COVID-19 despite SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in people with multiple sclerosis.

Background: Several studies have demonstrated reduced serological response to vaccines in patients treated with anti-CD20 agents. However, limited data exist surrounding the clinical effect of disease modifying therapy (DMT) use on vaccine efficacy.

Objectives: To investigate breakthrough coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in vaccinated people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) on DMT.

Effect of creatine and EDTA supplemented diets on European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) allergenicity, fish muscle quality and omics fingerprint.

The relatively easy access to fish worldwide, alongside the increase of aquaculture production contributes to increased fish consumption which result in higher prevalence of respective allergies. Allergies to fish constitute a significant concern worldwide. β-parvalbumin is the main elicitor for IgE-mediated reactions.

The Cell Wall Proteome of Cell Cultures Habituated to Dichlobenil and Isoxaben.

The remarkable desiccation tolerance of the vegetative tissues in the resurrection species (Hochst.) is favored by its unique cell wall folding mechanism that allows the ordered and reversible shrinking of the cells without damaging neither the cell wall nor the underlying plasma membrane. The ability to withstand extreme drought is also maintained in abscisic acid pre-treated calli, which can be cultured both on solid and in liquid culture media.

Symptomatic and restorative therapies in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders.

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) are a group of autoimmune inflammatory conditions that primarily target the optic nerves, spinal cord, brainstem, and occasionally the cerebrum. NMOSD is characterized by recurrent attacks of visual, motor, and/or sensory dysfunction that often result in severe neurological deficits. In recent years, there has been a significant progress in relapse treatment and prevention but the residual disability per attack remains high.

The Resistance of Oilseed Rape Microspore-Derived Embryos to Osmotic Stress Is Associated With the Accumulation of Energy Metabolism Proteins, Redox Homeostasis, Higher Abscisic Acid, and Cytokinin Contents.

The present study aims to investigate the response of rapeseed microspore-derived embryos (MDE) to osmotic stress at the proteome level. The PEG-induced osmotic stress was studied in the cotyledonary stage of MDE of two genotypes: Cadeli (D) and Viking (V), previously reported to exhibit contrasting leaf proteome responses under drought. Two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) revealed 156 representative protein spots that have been selected for MALDI-TOF/TOF analysis.

Data on the in-vitro digestibility of acid gels prepared from brewers' spent grain protein isolates.

Brewers' Spent Grain (BSG) is the primary waste of the beer brewing process, which comprises a plethora of nutritionally appealing ingredients such as proteins, dietary fibres, essential lipids and micronutrients. In our previous study [1], the acid-induced gelation capacity of BSG protein isolate as influenced by the thermal pre-treatment severity was systematically investigated. In the present work, we aimed at providing a dataset outlining the gastrointestinal fate of the acid gels under simulating pre-absorptive digestion conditions adopting the INFOGEST static in-vitro digestion protocol.

Molecular investigation of Tuscan sweet cherries sampled over three years: gene expression analysis coupled to metabolomics and proteomics.

Sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) is a stone fruit widely consumed and appreciated for its organoleptic properties, as well as its nutraceutical potential. We here investigated the characteristics of six non-commercial Tuscan varieties of sweet cherry maintained at the Regional Germplasm Bank of the CNR-IBE in Follonica (Italy) and sampled ca.

Measures of Thalamic Integrity are Associated with Cognitive Functioning in Fingolimod-treated Multiple Sclerosis Patients.

Background: Cognitive impairment is common in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) and multiple domains are affected, including information processing speed, episodic memory, and executive function. Damage to the thalamus appears to be related to cognitive functioning in MS. Fingolimod is a disease-modifying therapy for RRMS, which has been shown to have a protective effect on thalamic volume.

Obtaining Patient Priorities in a Multiple Sclerosis Comprehensive Care Center: Beyond Patient-Reported Outcomes.

Background: In order to provide patient center care, our multiple sclerosis (MS) clinic assesses patient concerns before clinical encounters, first by asking the optional qualitative question "What is the most important thing you what your health-care provider to know today" (most important concern of the patient [MIPC]) and then completing quantitative patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) including Quality of Life in Neurological Disorders (Neuro-QoL). Both sets of questions are designed to facilitate encounters that address patients' values and preferences.

Objective: Determine whether the qualitative MIPC responses provided unique information not included in PROMs or clinical assessments.

Does obesity exacerbate brain lesion volume and atrophy in patients with multiple sclerosis?

Background: Obesity is common among patients with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) and has been shown to exacerbate central inflammation, a key factor in disease progression. The purpose of this cross-sectional study is to examine the possible relationships between obesity, as measured by body mass index (BMI), and MS-related brain changes in atrophy and lesion volume, as measured from MRI, in a large, representative sample of pwMS.

Methods: BMI and MRI data, along with demographic and disease variables, were acquired from the Multiple Sclerosis Partners Advancing Technology and Health Solutions (MS PATHS) registry.

Achieving effective patient and public involvement in international clinical trials in neurology.

There is a growing need for patient and public involvement (PPI) to inform the way that research is developed and performed. International randomized controlled trials are particularly likely to benefit from PPI, but guidance is lacking on how or when it should be incorporated. In this article, we describe the PPI process that occurred during the design and initiation of an international treatment clinical trial in MS.

Is Obesity Related to Processing Speed Impairment in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: Results of a Large-Scale, Multicenter Study.

Background: Obesity is linked to greater physical disability and increased comorbidities among patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Its contribution to cognition in this group is unclear. This observational study examines the link between obesity and processing speed in a large sample of patients with MS (PwMS).