A New Method for Obtaining Monospecies and Binary Cultures of Staphylococcus spp. in Alginate Gel and the Study of the Action of Active Compounds on These Cultures on the Example of Catecholamines.

A simple and efficient method for obtaining monospecies and binary Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis cultures in sodium alginate gel matrix mimicking the natural microenvironment of the nasal cavity was proposed. The cultures were used for studying the effect of norepinephrine on monospecies and binary communities of two types of bacteria, S. aureus (invasive strain) and S.

Proteomic and transcriptomic analyses of biofilms and planktonic cultures in presence of epinephrine.

Transcriptomic and proteomic analysis were performed on 72 h biofilms of the acneic strain and planktonic cultures in the presence of epinephrine. Epinephrine predominantly downregulated genes associated with various transporter proteins. No correlation was found between proteomic and transcriptomic profiles.

A-Type Natriuretic Peptide Alters the Impact of Azithromycin on Planktonic Culture and on (Monospecies and Binary) Biofilms of Skin Bacteria and .

It has been established that the human atrial natriuretic peptide is able to alter the effect of azithromycin on H01 and 209P monospecies and binary biofilms. The effect of the hormone depends on the surface type and cultivation system, and it may have both enhancing and counteracting effects. The antagonistic effect of the hormone was observed mostly on hydrophobic surfaces, whereas the additive effect was observed on hydrophilic surfaces like glass.

Epinephrine Affects Ribosomes, Cell Division, and Catabolic Processes in Skin Strain C01: Revelation of the Conditionally Extensive Hormone Effect Using Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry and Proteomic Analysis.

In the current study, extensive Orbitrap mass spectrometry analysis was conducted for skin strain C01 planktonic cultures and biofilms after 24 h and 72 h of incubation either in the presence of epinephrine or without any implementations. The investigation revealed the complex and conditionally extensive effect of epinephrine at concentrations closer to normal blood plasma concentrations on both planktonic cultures and biofilms of skin strain C01. The concentrations of hundreds of proteins changed during the shift from planktonic growth mode to biofilm and hundreds of proteins were downregulated or upregulated in the presence of epinephrine.

C-Type Natriuretic Peptide Acts as a Microorganism-Activated Regulator of the Skin Commensals and in Dual-Species Biofilms.

The effect of C-type natriuretic peptide in a concentration closer to the normal level in human blood plasma was studied on the mono-species and dual-species biofilms of the skin commensal bacteria HL043PA2 and ATCC14990. Despite the marginal effect of the hormone on cutibacteria in mono-species biofilms, the presence of staphylococci in the community resulted in a global shift of the CNP effect, which appeared to increase the competitive properties of , its proliferation and the metabolic activity of the community. was mostly inhibited in the presence of CNP.

Epinephrine extensively changes the biofilm matrix composition in C01 isolated from human skin.

The importance of the impact of human hormones on commensal microbiota and microbial biofilms is established in lots of studies. In the present investigation, we continued and extended the research of epinephrine effects on the skin commensal C01 and its biofilms, and also the matrix changes during the biofilm growth. Epinephrine in concentration 4.

Epinephrine affects gene expression levels and has a complex effect on biofilm formation in strain C01 isolated from human skin.

In this study, the effect of epinephrine on the biofilm formation of C01 isolated from human skin was investigated in depth for the first time. This hormone has a complex effect on biofilms in various systems. In a system with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) cubes, treatment with epinephrine at a physiological concentration of 4.

The Impact of Norepinephrine on Mono-Species and Dual-Species Staphylococcal Biofilms.

The effect of norepinephrine ("NE") on Gram-negative bacteria is well characterized; however, little is known about the impact of NE on cutaneous Gram-positive skin residents, especially staphylococci. In this study, the impact of NE on monospecies and dual-species biofilms of and model strains was investigated for the first time. Biofilms were grown in two different models (on polytetrafluoroethylene ("PTFE") cubes and glass microfiber filters ("GMFFs")) and additionally kinetic measurements of bacterial growth was performed.

Atrial Natriuretic Peptide Affects Skin Commensal and Dual-Species Biofilms.

The first evidence of the atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) effect on mono-species and dual-species biofilms of skin commensals and was obtained in different model systems. Elucidation of the mechanism of action of hormones on the microbial communities of human skin is an important physiological and medical aspect. Under anaerobic conditions, ANP at a concentration of 6.

Multiple Drug-Induced Stress Responses Inhibit Formation of Escherichia coli Biofilms.

In most ecosystems, bacteria exist primarily as structured surface-associated biofilms that can be highly tolerant to antibiotics and thus represent an important health issue. Here, we explored drug repurposing as a strategy to identify new antibiofilm compounds, screening over 1,000 compounds from the Prestwick Chemical Library of approved drugs for specific activities that prevent biofilm formation by Most growth-inhibiting compounds, which include known antibacterial but also antiviral and other drugs, also reduced biofilm formation. However, we also identified several drugs that were biofilm inhibitory at doses where only a weak effect or no effect on planktonic growth could be observed.

Draft Genome Sequence of Kytococcus schroeteri Strain H01, Isolated from Human Skin.

strain H01 was isolated from the skin of a healthy volunteer who underwent erythromycin treatment for a skin disorder 1 year prior. The draft genome consists of 2.38 Mb, a G+C content of 73.

Composition of the Biofilm Matrix of Acneic Strain RT5.

In skin, (former ) can behave as an opportunistic pathogen, depending on the strain and environmental conditions. Acneic strains of form biofilms inside skin-gland hollows, inducing inflammation and skin disorders. The essential exogenous products of accumulate in the extracellular matrix of the biofilm, conferring essential bacterial functions to this structure.

Regulation of Monospecies and Mixed Biofilms Formation of Skin and by Human Natriuretic Peptides.

and are common representatives of the human skin microbiome. However, when these bacteria are organized in biofilm, they could be involved in several skin disorders such as acne or psoriasis. They inhabit in hollows of hair follicles and skin glands, where they form biofilms.

Host Peptidic Hormones Affecting Bacterial Biofilm Formation and Virulence.

Bacterial biofilms constitute a critical problem in hospitals, especially in resuscitation units or for immunocompromised patients, since bacteria embedded in their own matrix are not only protected against antibiotics but also develop resistant variant strains. In the last decade, an original approach to prevent biofilm formation has consisted of studying the antibacterial potential of host communication molecules. Thus, some of these compounds have been identified for their ability to modify the biofilm formation of both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria.

Effect of two cosmetic compounds on the growth, biofilm formation activity, and surface properties of acneic strains of Cutibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus aureus.

Increasing popularity of preservative-free cosmetics necessitates in-depth research, specifically as bacteria can react to local factors by important metabolic changes. In this respect, investigating the effect of cosmetic preparations on pathogenic strains of commensal species such as acneic forms of Cutibacterium acnes (former Propionibacterium acnes) and bacteria behaving both as commensals and opportunistic pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus is of major interest. In this study, we studied the effect of commonly used cosmetics, Uriage thermal water (UTW) and a rhamnose-rich polysaccharide (PS291 ) on RT4 and RT5 acneic strains of C.

Substance P and Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide: Key Regulators of Cutaneous Microbiota Homeostasis.

Neurohormones diffuse in sweat and epidermis leading skin bacterial microflora to be largely exposed to these host factors. Bacteria can sense a multitude of neurohormones, but their role in skin homeostasis was only investigated recently. The first study focused on substance P (SP), a neuropeptide produced in abundance by skin nerve terminals.

[Multi-Species Biofilms in Ecology, Medicine, and Biotechnology].

The structure, composition, and developmental patterns of multi-species biofilms are analyzed, as well as the mechanisms of interaction of their microbial components. The main methodological approaches used for analysis of multi-species biofilms, including omics technologies, are characterized. Environmental communities (cyanobacterial mats and methanotrophic communities), as well as typical multi-species communities of medical importance (oral cavity, skin, and gut microbiomes) are described.

[Regulation of Biofilm Formation by Pseudomonas chlororaphis in an vitro System].

The mutants of Pseudomonas chlororaphis 449 with completely or partially suppressed accumulation of N-acyl homoserine lactones exhibited the absence or a pronounced decrease of their capacity for stimulation of biofilm growth in the presence of azithromycin. Biofilms of the wild type strain preformed in the presence of the stimulatory azithromycin concentrations exhibited more intense staining with a polysaccharide-specific dye 1,9-dimethyl methylene blue (DMMB) and were more resistant to heat shock. These findings indicate accumulation of the structural matrix polysaccharides, which play a protective role under the conditions of thermal shock.

[Activation of formation of bacterial biofilms by azithromycin and prevention of this effect].

Growth of members of most of the studied genera of gram-positive (Dietzia, Kocuria, and Rhodo- coccus) and gram-negative bacteria (Pseudomonas and Chromobacterium) in biofilms exhibited higher resistance to an translation inhibitor, azithromycin compared to the growth of planktonic cultures of the same strains. Low concentrations of azithromycin were found to stimulate biofilm formation by the studied saprotrophic strains. The rate of synthesis of the polysaccharide matrix component exceeded the rate of cell growth, indicating implementation of the biofilm phenotype under these conditions.

Structure of the O-specific polysaccharides from planktonic and biofilm cultures of Pseudomonas chlororaphis 449.

O-Specific polysaccharides were obtained from the lipopolysaccharides isolated from the planktonic and biofilm cultures of Pseudomonas chlororaphis 449 and studied by composition analysis and 1D and 2D (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy. The following structure was established: -->4)-α-D-GalpNAc6Ac-(1-->3)-β-D-QuipNAc-(1-->6)-α-D-GlcpNAc-(1-->β-D-GlcpNAc-(1-->3) where the degree of non-stoichiometric 6-O-acetylation of GalNAc is ∼ 60% in the planktonic form or ∼ 10% in biofilm.

[Antimicrobic features of phenolic lipids].

The connection between the efficiency of phenolic lipids (PL) and their hydrophobic property (solubility) and hydrophobic property of microorganisms' cell structure is shown. The mixture of amphiphilic di(oxiphenil)-phenil-methanes, which act bacteriostatically under 15 mg/l, possesses maximal efficiency against Staphylococcus aureus. Against Mycobacterium smegmatis with hydrophobic cell wall, hydrophobic 2,4-dialkylocibenzol 70 mg/l was the most effective.