A reliable instrument for making use of an overly neglected source of information on personality: The French adaptation of the Big Five Inventory-2 (Bfi-2) informant-report form.

Objectives: The assessment of personality traits is most often based on self-report. However, a growing body of research has shown that informant-report is a valuable and too often overlooked source of unique information. The aim of this study was to validate the French version of the informant-report form of the Big Five Inventory-2 (BFI-2) which assesses 15 facet traits in addition to the five major trait domains.

Homologies of spinal ascending nociceptive pathways between rats and macaques: can we transpose to human? A review and analysis of the literature.

Purpose: Due to the difficulty of using neural tracers in humans, knowledge of the nociceptive system's anatomy is mainly derived from studies in animals and mainly in rats. The aim of this study was to investigate the morphological differences of the ascending spinal nociceptive pathways between the rat and the macaque monkey; in order to evaluate the variability of this anatomy during phylogenesis, and thus to know if the anatomical description of these pathways can be transposed from the rat to the human.

Methods: A review and analysis of the literature were performed.

Descriptive and functional anatomy of the Heschl Gyrus: historical review, manual labelling and current perspectives.

Purpose: The Heschl Gyrus (HG), which includes the Primary Auditory Cortex (PAC), lies on the upper surface of the superior temporal gyrus (T1). It has been the subject of growing interest in the fields of neuroscience over the past decade. Given the considerable interhemispheric and interindividual variability of its morphology, manual labelling remains the gold standard for its radio-anatomical study.

The attitudes of European medical students towards the clinical importance of neuroanatomy.

The attitudes of medical students towards the clinical importance of neuroanatomy have been little studied. Because it has been reported that medical students find neuroanatomy difficult and can have 'neurophobia', here we test the hypothesis that early-stage medical students across Europe have a low regard for neuroanatomy's clinical relevance. The work was conducted under the auspices of the Trans-European Pedagogic Research Group (TEPARG), with just over 1500 students from 12 European medical schools providing responses to a survey (52% response rate) that assessed their attitudes using Thurstone and Chave methodologies.

[Validation of the French version of the 10-item Big Five Inventory].

Objective: Our primary objective was to validate the French version of the BFI-10, an ultra-short ten-item version of the Big Five Inventory (BFI; John et al., 1991), which allows for a reasonably accurate assessment of personality in circumstances in which more in-depth assessment is not possible. In order to reach a thorough evaluation of the external validity, we also aimed to examine the bandwidth of the BFI-10 scales with reference to the study by De Young, Quilty and Peterson (2007) who distinguished between two aspects in each of the Big Five: Assertiveness and Enthusiasm for Extraversion; Compassion and Politeness for Agreeability; Orderliness and Productiveness for Conscientiousness; Withdrawal and Volatility for Negative Emotionality, and finally Openness to Aesthetics and Openness to Ideas for Open-Mindedness.

Dejerine-Roussy syndrome: Historical cases.

On June 7, 1906, Jules Dejerine (1849-1917) and Gustave Roussy (1874-1948) presented to the Société de Neurologie de Paris the first description of the thalamic syndrome with serial-section microscopic images. They also provided the first account of central poststroke pain (CPSP). They suggested that pain is one of the primary symptoms of the syndrome, although one of their own patients ("Hud") did not have pain.

Morphology of the lateral fossa of the brain (sylvian valley): anatomo-radiological aspects and surgical application.

Introduction: The knowledge acquired on the lateral fossa of the brain (LFB) is heterogeneous and incomplete. Our goal was to provide a morphological description of the LFB and analyze the impact of these descriptions on the surgical approach of the region.

Methods: The morphology of LFB was studied on 40 cerebral hemispheres of 20 right-handed subjects aged 18-55 years with an MRI of 1.

Attitudes and Responses of Medical Students and Professional Anatomists to Dissecting Different Regions of the Body.

Although there have been many studies assessing emotional responses of medical students to the dissecting room experience, little is known about whether dissecting particular regions of the human body cause more concern than others. Furthermore, no studies have been conducted on the concerns of professional anatomists. In this study, we assessed the hypothesis that medical students are more concerned about the dissection of the face, the perineum and the extremities of the limbs.

The perceptions of anatomists in the US and Europe of the skills and attributes required of newly-recruited medical students.

Background And Purpose: Admission procedures for recruiting students to medical school vary considerably across the world. Notwithstanding such variability, it is important to know what skills and attributes (including attitudes and personality traits) are required of the students by their teachers on entering medical school.

Procedures: Anatomists are often the teachers who first meet the students as they enter medical school and this report analyses, by means of a paper-based questionnaire, the putative skills required of their medical students by anatomists from the U.

Predictive factors of long-term outcomes of surgery for mesial temporal lobe epilepsy associated with hippocampal sclerosis.

Objective: The reasons for failure of surgical treatment for mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) associated with hippocampal sclerosis (HS) remain unclear. This retrospective study analyzed seizure, cognitive, and psychiatric outcomes, searching for factors associated with seizure relapse or cognitive and psychiatric deterioration after MTLE-HS surgery.

Methods: Seizure, cognitive, and psychiatric outcomes were reviewed after 389 surgeries performed between 1990 and 2015 on patients aged 15-67 years at a tertiary center.

Medical students and professional anatomists do not perceive gender bias within imagery featuring anatomy.

Previous studies suggest that, while both medical students and professional anatomists recognize the importance of gender issues and do not wish to associate with sexism, most are unaware of the possible negative aspects of sexism within anatomy (Morgan et al. , J. Anat.

The attitudes of medical students in Europe toward the clinical importance of histology.

Many studies have been undertaken to assess the attitudes of medical students to the clinical importance of gross anatomy. However, much less is known about their attitudes toward the clinical importance of histology. Using Thurstone and Chave methods to assess attitudes, over 2,000 early stage medical students across Europe provided responses to a survey that tested the hypothesis that the students have a high regard for histology's clinical relevance.

[Does the French Big Five Inventory evaluate facets other than the Big Five factors?].

Introduction: The Big Five Inventory (BFI) developed by John et al. (1991) is one of the most widely accepted tools for assessing dimensions of personality. It comprises 44 items that assess five broad dimensions of personality (the Big Five Factors): Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Neuroticism and Openness to experience.

Sexism within anatomy as perceived by professional anatomists and in comparison with the perceptions of medical students.

Two hundred and eight professional anatomists responded to a questionnaire inviting them to address the possibility that social/gender factors hinder the dispassionate representation of anatomy. Ethical approval for the study was obtained from Cardiff University. The results of the survey provided comparisons with the attitudes of medical students that have previously been reported (Morgan et al.

An assessment of the anatomical knowledge of laypersons and their attitudes towards the clinical importance of gross anatomy in medicine.

If it is accepted that increasingly we live within a consumerist society then axiomatically 'ownership' of medical training does not belong to political authorities (whether governmental or medical), nor to the medical profession, nor indeed to the teachers, educationalists and even the students but to the laypersons in society who are patients or potential patients (viz. the clients/recipients of medical care). As yet, however, there has been no attempt to evaluate how much anatomy laypersons know and what their attitudes are towards the importance of anatomy in medicine.

The attitudes of medical students in Europe toward the clinical importance of embryology.

Although there have been many studies reporting the attitudes of medical students to the clinical importance of gross anatomy, little is known about their opinions concerning the clinical importance of embryology. Using Thurstone and Chave methods to assess attitudes, nearly 1,600 medical students across Europe in the early stages of their training provided responses to a survey that tested the hypothesis that they do not regard embryology as highly clinically relevant. Indeed, we further proposed that student attitudes to gross anatomy are much more positive than those toward embryology.

From Phineas Gage and Monsieur Leborgne to H.M.: Revisiting Disconnection Syndromes.

On the 50th anniversary of Norman Geschwind's seminal paper entitled 'Disconnexion syndrome in animal and man', we pay tribute to his ideas by applying contemporary tractography methods to understand white matter disconnection in 3 classic cases that made history in behavioral neurology. We first documented the locus and extent of the brain lesion from the computerized tomography of Phineas Gage's skull and the magnetic resonance images of Louis Victor Leborgne's brain, Broca's first patient, and Henry Gustave Molaison. We then applied the reconstructed lesions to an atlas of white matter connections obtained from diffusion tractography of 129 healthy adults.

A core syllabus for the teaching of neuroanatomy to medical students.

There is increasingly a call for clinical relevance in the teaching of biomedical sciences within all health care courses. However, this presupposes that there is a clear understanding of what can be considered core material within the curricula. To date, the anatomical sciences have been relatively poorly served by the development of core syllabuses, particularly for specialized core syllabuses such as neuroanatomy.

Exploratory study toward development of the French version of the questionnaire on personality traits (QPT/VKP-4) in an elderly population in comparison to young adults.

This research is an exploratory study toward development of the French version of the Questionnaire on Personality Traits (QPT/VKP-4). The goal was to assess its association with the Big Five Inventory (BIG-5) and to explore the personality characteristics of the elderly compared to young adults. The 241 participants included 83 elderly people and 158 young adults.

An approach toward the development of core syllabuses for the anatomical sciences.

There is increasingly a call for clinical relevance in the teaching of the biomedical sciences within all health care programs. This presupposes that there is an understanding of what is "core" material within the curriculum. To date, the anatomical sciences have been poorly served by the development of core syllabuses, although there have been commendable attempts to define a core syllabus for gross anatomy in medicine and for some medical specialties.

Sexism and anatomy, as discerned in textbooks and as perceived by medical students at Cardiff University and University of Paris Descartes.

Contemporary textbooks of anatomy and surface anatomy were evaluated to ascertain whether they were gender-neutral. The evidence of this, and previous studies, suggests that, both in terms of imagery and text, many textbooks lack neutrality. To further investigate such matters, we provided second-year medical students studying at Cardiff University (n = 293) and at the Paris Descartes University (n = 142) during the 2011-2012 academic year with a questionnaire inviting them to address the possibility that social/gender factors hinder the dispassionate representation of anatomy.

Medical students' attitudes towards science and gross anatomy, and the relationship to personality.

Assessment of the personalities of medical students can enable medical educators to formulate strategies for the best development of academic and clinical competencies. Previous research has shown that medical students do not share a common personality profile, there being gender differences. We have also shown that, for French medical students, students with personality traits associated with strong competitiveness are selected for admission to medical school.

Medical students' attitudes toward the anatomy dissection room in relation to personality.

Assessment of the personalities of medical students could enable medical educators to formulate strategies for the best development of academic and clinical competencies. In this article, we focus on the experience of students in the anatomy dissecting room. While there have been many attempts to evaluate the emotional responses of medical students to human cadaveric dissection, there has been no investigation into how different personality traits affect the responses.

[Epilepsy surgery: when thinking about? Who are the good candidates?].

Epilepsy surgery concerns any patient with pharmacoresistant partial epilepsy, responsible for disability. Children and adult patients can be candidates for epilepsy surgery. A presurgical evaluation, adapted to each patient, must identify the most precisely the cortical area, where the seizures originate, using converging data: the clinical and electroencephalographic semiology of the seizures, the structural and sometimes functional brain imagings, and evaluate if the removal of the epileptogenic focus may induce a neurological or cognitive deficit, using neuropsychological tests and sometimes functional brain imagings.

[3D reconstruction of anterior internal vertebral venous plexus of a human fetus: a feasibility study].

Anterior internal vertebral venous plexus have been studied extensively due to their clinical importance in diseases of the spine and obstruction of the inferior vena cava. The aim of this feasibility study was to reconstruct in 3D the lower thoracic area of the anterior epidural space of a 69 mm (crown-rump) human fetus from the Rouvière Collection, circa 1927. Forty slices (spaced by 40 microm) at the level of the tenth and eleventh thoracic vertebrae, and their lower adjacent intervertebral discs, were reconstructed in 3D using the commercial software SURFdriver.