Publications by authors named "Piyush Ranjan"

Red blood cells (RBCs), traditionally recognized for their role in transporting oxygen, play a pivotal role in the body's immune response by expressing TLR9 and scavenging excess host cell-free DNA. DNA capture by RBCs leads to accelerated RBC clearance and triggers inflammation. Whether RBCs can also acquire microbial DNA during infections is unknown.

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  • The study investigates young adults in India, focusing on their knowledge of obesity risks, motivation for weight loss, and barriers they face in managing their weight.
  • Six focus group discussions were held with obese young adults aged 18-30, using varied sampling methods to gather diverse insights on obesity.
  • Findings revealed a need for greater awareness about obesity, identified physical appearance and social support as key motivators for weight loss, and suggested a holistic approach including dietary changes and educational reforms to combat obesity among young adults.
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Background: Cognitive functions may play an important role in the management of obesity by promoting compliance towards lifestyle-related behaviours. This study aimed to identify cognitive deficits among adults and examine their association across different Body Mass Index (BMI) categories in an Indian setting.

Materials And Methods: The study is a cross-sectional survey of a sample attending a tertiary care hospital in northern India.

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Background And Objectives: This study evaluated the efficacy of the TrueLab™ Real Time mini-PCR system in providing rapid and accurate diagnostic results for tuberculosis (TB) detection in India. The goal is to improve case detection and accelerate treatment in settings with limited resources.

Materials And Methods: This prospective study was conducted by the Department of Microbiology on 120 patients, age ranging from >=15 years with at least two clinical symptoms of pulmonary TB.

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  • Anemia is a common yet often overlooked condition among diabetic patients that negatively impacts blood sugar control and increases the risk of complications.
  • In a study of 97 type 2 diabetes patients, 38.14% were anemic, with significant differences in fasting and postprandial blood sugar levels between anemic and non-anemic individuals.
  • Results indicated a potential link between anemia and liver enzymes, suggesting that dietary patterns may influence both anemia and glycemic control, highlighting the need for further research on dietary habits and iron supplementation in this population.
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Background: Lung cancer and tuberculosis share similar risk factors, clinical spectrum, radiological features and it is difficult to differentiate but it is important to diagnose both conditions for targeted therapy and better outcome.

Aims: Our primary objective was to estimate the proportion of TB in primary biopsy proven non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) cases.

Material & Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in the Departments of Medicine/Pulmonary Medicine/Medical Oncology and Microbiology at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi for a period of 2 years (January 2020-December 2021).

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Background: The association between somatic symptoms and psychiatric co-morbidities remains unexplored among patients with medically unexplained physical symptoms (MUPS) in Asian populations. This study aims to bridge this gap by investigating psychiatric morbidities and their determinants among patients presenting with MUPS in an Indian setup.

Methodology: This cross-sectional study, conducted in the outpatient department (OPD) of a tertiary care hospital in India, assessed 200 patients diagnosed with MUPS.

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has triggered an ongoing global pandemic, necessitating rapid and accurate diagnostic tools to monitor emerging variants and preparedness for the next outbreak. This study introduces a multidisciplinary approach combining Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy and Machine learning to comprehensively characterize and strain-type SARS-CoV-2 variants. FTIR analysis of pharyngeal swabs from different pandemic waves revealed distinct vibrational profiles, particularly in nucleic acid and protein vibrations.

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Background: Previous work demonstrated the beneficial effect of T6 dermatomal stimulation by the percutaneous method in managing obesity. However, a simple, cost-effective, and feasible intervention stimulating the dermatome can be a potential solution for obesity care.

Objective: The objective of this study was to find the effect of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) of T6 dermatome on appetite and weight loss in obese individuals.

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  • A 21-year-old male had unusual symptoms of tuberculosis, including multiple lumps on his heels, elbow, and finger, along with weight loss and lack of appetite over six months.
  • Initial treatments for bacterial infections failed, leading to further tests that indicated multidrug-resistant tuberculosis as the cause.
  • The patient was successfully treated with a specific drug regimen, highlighting the difficulties in diagnosing and treating drug-resistant tuberculosis cases.
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Background: Low-pressure pneumoperitoneum (LPP) is an attempt to improve laparoscopic surgery. Lower pressure causes lesser inflammation and better hemodynamics. There is a lack of literature comparing inflammatory markers in LPP with deep NMB to standard pressure pneumoperitoneum (SPP) with moderate NMB in laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

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Rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis (ROCM) is linked to uncontrolled diabetes, diabetic ketoacidosis, iron overload, corticosteroid therapy, and neutropenia. This study evaluated a commercial real-time PCR system's effectiveness in detecting Mucorales from nasal swabs in 50 high-risk patients. Nasal swab PCR showed 30% positivity, compared to 8% with KOH microscopy.

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Introduction Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become a widespread cause of chronic liver disease, ranging from simple steatosis to severe conditions like non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and cirrhosis. Despite its similarity to alcohol-induced liver damage, NAFLD affects individuals with no significant alcohol consumption. This study explores the association between NAFLD, bone mineral density (BMD), insulin resistance, and subclinical inflammation, focusing on the Asian Indian population.

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  • * In experiments with mice, RBCs that had TLR9 (a receptor involved in immune responses) showed a stronger ability to induce macrophage activation when bound to bacterial DNA, compared to those lacking TLR9.
  • * In a study of septic patients, RBCs contained more bacterial DNA than in healthy individuals, and the composition of this DNA correlated with inflammation markers like IL-6, suggesting RBCs could be key players in the inflammatory response during sepsis.
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Objective: We determined whether endoscopic thyroidectomy (ET) is associated with better health-related quality of life (QoL) compared with open thyroidectomy.

Methods: We randomly assigned 28 patients aged older than 18 years, Bethesda IV or less on cytology and gland volume of <40 mL to undergo hemithyroidectomy through either open or endoscopic (axillo-breast approach/bilateral axillo-breast approach) technique. The primary outcome was QoL scores on the Short Form-36 and Thyroid-Specific Questionnaire at 2, 6, and 12 weeks postsurgery.

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Background: Resource-limited settings like India need a simple, quick, and temperature-independent point-of-care diagnostic test that can diagnose tuberculous meningitis (TBM) at the earliest.

Methods: A prospective study was carried out at a tertiary care center in North India wherein 50 subjects suspected of TBM were recruited and followed up for six months between January 2019 and December 2020. The aim was to evaluate the performance of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (TB-LAMP) in diagnosing TBM as compared to a composite reference standard (CRS), mycobacteria growth indicator tube 960 (MGIT 960) culture, and GeneXpert.

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Following an initial recovery, COVID-19 survivors struggle with a spectrum of persistent medical complications, including fatigue, breathlessness, weight loss, hair loss, and attention deficits. Additionally, there is growing evidence of adverse effects of COVID-19 on the male reproductive system. This investigation seeks to understand the long-term ramifications on male fertility by examining hormonal profiles, semen parameters, and sperm proteome of recovered COVID-19 patients compared to controls.

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Breast cancer, a leading cause of female mortality due to delayed detection owing to asymptomatic nature and limited early diagnostic tools, was investigated using a multi-modal approach. Plasma-derived small EVs from breast cancer patients (BrCa, n = 74) and healthy controls (HC, n = 30) were analyzed. Small EVs (n = 104), isolated through chemical precipitation, underwent characterization via transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA).

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A substantial portion of patients presenting to healthcare settings exhibit physical symptoms lacking clear, demonstrable organic causes. Accurate assessment of symptom severity is crucial for documenting outcomes and establishing treatment efficacy. This systematic review and narrative synthesis aims to provide researchers with insights into available and validated tools for assessing medically unexplained physical symptoms (MUPS).

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Introduction Patients with medically unexplained physical symptoms (MUPS) account for a substantial proportion of patients visiting the outpatient department. Diagnosis of MUPS is a challenge for most physicians. An accurate diagnosis relies on obtaining a detailed history from patients regarding the nature of their symptoms, their onset, and any associated aggravating or relieving factors.

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Aim And Background: High-quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is associated with improved patient outcomes, but healthcare workers (HCWs) may be frequently undertrained. This study aimed to assess baseline knowledge and skills among HCWs about basic and advanced life support and the effect of simulation-based training on it.

Methods: It was a single-center prospective quasi-interventional study among resident doctors and nurses at a Tertiary Center in New Delhi, India.

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  • Advances in sequencing technology have uncovered diverse microbial communities in the lungs, previously thought to be sterile, which change in composition and diversity in lung diseases.
  • These microbial communities are linked to the immune response and can help predict health outcomes in individuals with respiratory issues.
  • The review emphasizes the importance of understanding the interactions between lung microbiota and overall health, as well as the potential for new treatment strategies targeting these microbial populations in lung diseases.
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Introduction: The review explores the potential benefits of cognitive retraining interventions in improving healthy lifestyle-related behaviours, and its possible use as an alternative or complementary approach to traditional weight loss interventions.

Method: Studies were selected using different electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase), to identify RCTs published in the last 23 years on cognitive retraining interventions for weight loss. A total of 12 studies were finalized for systematic review and six for meta-analysis based on the inclusion criteria.

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Very few imaging techniques can demonstrate the presence of . Technitium-99m Ethambutol scintigraphy is one of them, although literature on the utility of this technique is scarce. We describe a patient with iliopsoas abscess showing increased uptake on Tc-99 m ethambutol scintigraphy which was later confirmed to be tubercular by the microbiological analysis of pus.

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Background: Workplace violence (WPV) is a significant problem in both developed and developing countries, especially among healthcare workers. It has widespread implications for their overall health and well-being.

Objective: The study was conducted to assess the problem of violence among doctors and other healthcare workers in healthcare settings.

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