Comparison of intrathecal morphine plus PCA and PCA alone for post-operative analgesia after kidney surgery.

Objective: To study the use of intrathecal morphine plus PCA for reducing morphine consumption, pain scores, and improving patient-satisfaction.

Material And Method: The authors included patients who had received a flank incision for elective kidney surgery. The patients were random into the intrathecal and control groups by block randomization using the sealed envelop technique.